Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2013 Sep;93(3):461-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.013. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
The aim of the Bavarian Monitoring of Breast Milk (BAMBI) project was to examine 10 organochlorine pesticides (OPs), 3 nitro musks, 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 12 dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and several perfluorinated alkyl compounds in breast milk samples. A total of 516 breast milk samples were collected from seven regions in Bavaria and were analyzed by means of GC/ECD, GC/HRMS, and LC/MS-MS. Concerning the OPs, only hexachlorobenzene and a metabolite of DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), could be quantified in all samples (median: 16 ngg(-1) lipid and 63 ngg(-1) lipid, respectively). Median concentrations of 150 ngg(-1) lipid (range: 3-1900 ngg(-1) lipid) were found for the sum of the indicator PCBs. The concentrations of the PCDDs/PCDFs and the dl-PCBs ranged from 0.8 to 15.1 (median 5.7) pg WHO-TEQ1998g(-1) lipid and from 1.5 to 18.9 pg (median 6.4) WHO-TEQ1998 g(-1) lipid, respectively. The median perfluorooctane sulfonate concentration was 0.05 μgL(-1) (range: <0.02-0.26 μgL), while the other PFCs were observed only in a subset of samples. On the basis of the median and 95th percentile concentration, "medium" and "high" intake levels were estimated for a 3-month-old exclusively breastfed infant. In particular, "medium" and "high" intake levels were calculated of 69 and 133 pg WHO1998 TEQ kg(-1) b.w. for PCDDs/PCDFs, 8 and 21 ngkg(-1) b.w. for dl-PCBs, and 6 and 25 ngkg(-1) b.w. for perfluorooctane sulfonate, respectively. The calculated intake for perfluorinated substances is clearly below the tolerable daily intake (TDI), while the established TDI values are still clearly exceeded for PCDDs/PCDFs and dl-PCBs.
巴伐利亚州母乳监测（BAMBI）项目的目的是检测 10 种有机氯农药（OPs）、3 种硝基麝香、6 种指示性多氯联苯（PCBs）、7 种多氯二苯并对二恶英（PCDDs）、10 种多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）、12 种二恶英类 PCB（dl-PCBs）和几种全氟烷基化合物在母乳样本中的含量。共采集了巴伐利亚州 7 个地区的 516 份母乳样本，采用 GC/ECD、GC/HRMS 和 LC/MS-MS 进行分析。关于 OPs，只有六氯苯和滴滴涕的一种代谢物，1,1-二氯-2,2-双（4-氯苯基）乙烯（p,p'-DDE），可以在所有样本中定量（中位数：16 ngg(-1) 脂质和 63 ngg(-1) 脂质）。指示性 PCBs 总和的中位数浓度为 150 ngg(-1) 脂质（范围：3-1900 ngg(-1) 脂质）。PCDDs/PCDFs 和 dl-PCBs 的浓度范围分别为 0.8 至 15.1（中位数 5.7）pg WHO-TEQ1998g(-1) 脂质和 1.5 至 18.9 pg（中位数 6.4）pg WHO-TEQ1998 g(-1) 脂质。全氟辛烷磺酸的中位数浓度为 0.05 μgL(-1)（范围：<0.02-0.26 μgL），而其他 PFC 仅在一部分样本中观察到。基于中位数和 95 百分位浓度，估计了 3 个月大的纯母乳喂养婴儿的“中”和“高”摄入量水平。特别是，PCDDs/PCDFs 的 PCDD/PCDFs 的“中”和“高”摄入量水平分别为 69 和 133 pg WHO1998 TEQ kg(-1) b.w.，dl-PCBs 为 8 和 21 ngkg(-1) b.w.，全氟辛烷磺酸为 6 和 25 ngkg(-1) b.w.。计算出的全氟化合物摄入量明显低于可耐受每日摄入量（TDI），而既定的 TDI 值仍明显超过 PCDD/PCDFs 和 dl-PCBs。
