Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews, 3230 Newmark Lab, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Water Res. 2013 Sep 15;47(14):4869-79. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.018. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
Inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter ((3)DOM*) produced by irradiation of natural and synthetic sensitizers with simulated sunlight of wavelengths greater than 320 nm was investigated. Natural sensitizers included purified DOM isolates obtained from wastewater and river waters, and water samples collected from Singapore River, Stamford Canal, and Marina Bay Reservoir in Singapore. Linear correlations were found between MS2 inactivation rate constants (kobs) and the photo-induced reaction rate constants of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP), a probe compound shown to react mainly with (3)DOM*. Linear correlations between MS2 kobs and singlet oxygen ((1)O2) concentrations were also found for both purified DOM isolates and natural water samples. These correlations, along with data from quenching experiments and experiments with synthetic sensitizers, Rose Bengal (RB), 3'-methoxyacetophenone (3'-MAP), and nitrite [Formula: see text] , suggest that (1)O2, (3)DOM*, and hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH) could inactivate bacteriophage MS2. Linear correlations between MS2 kobs and Specific Ultraviolet Absorption determined at 254 nm (SUVA254) were also found for both purified DOM isolates and natural samples. These results suggest the potential use of TMP as a chemical probe and SUVA254 as an indicator for virus inactivation in natural and purified DOM water samples.
用模拟太阳光（波长大于 320nm）辐照天然和合成敏化剂，研究了活性氧（ROS）和溶解态有机物的三重激发态（3DOM*）对噬菌体 MS2 的灭活作用。天然敏化剂包括从废水和河水获得的纯化 DOM 分离物，以及从新加坡河、斯坦福运河和滨海湾水库采集的水样。发现噬菌体 MS2 的灭活速率常数（kobs）与 2,4,6-三甲基苯酚（TMP）的光诱导反应速率常数之间存在线性相关，TMP 是一种主要与 3DOM反应的探针化合物。对于纯化的 DOM 分离物和天然水样，也发现了 MS2 kobs 和单线态氧（1O2）浓度之间的线性相关性。这些相关性，以及猝灭实验和合成敏化剂实验（Rose Bengal [RB]、3'-甲氧基苯乙酮 [3'-MAP] 和亚硝酸盐 [Formula: see text] ）的数据表明，1O2、3DOM 和羟基自由基（•OH）可能会使噬菌体 MS2 失活。对于纯化的 DOM 分离物和天然水样，也发现了 MS2 kobs 和在 254nm 处测定的特定紫外吸收（SUVA254）之间存在线性相关性。这些结果表明，TMP 可作为化学探针，SUVA254 可作为天然和纯化 DOM 水样中病毒灭活的指示剂。
