Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Center for Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies FRIAS, Freiburg.
Pain Med. 2013 Sep;14(9):1362-73. doi: 10.1111/pme.12198. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
Research has shown that several patients report unmet psychosocial and spiritual needs. While most studies focus on patients with advanced stages of disease, we intended to identify unmet spiritual needs in patients with chronic pain diseases and cancer living in a secular society.
In an anonymous cross-sectional study, standardized questionnaires were provided to German patients with chronic pain diseases (and cancer), i.e., Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ), Spirituality/Religiosity and Coping (SpREUK-15), Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-Sp), Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale, Interpretation of Illness Questionnaire, and Escape from Illness (Escape).
We enrolled 392 patients (67% women, mean age 56.3 ± 13.6 years; 61% Christian denomination) with chronic pain diseases (86%) and cancer (14%). Religious Needs (mean score 0.5 ± 0.8 on the scale) and Existential Needs (0.8 ± 0.8 on the scale) were low, while needs for Inner Peace (1.5 ± 0.9 on the scale) and Giving/Generativity were scored high (1.3 ± 1.0 on the scale). Regression analyses indicated that Religious Needs can be predicted best by (religious) "Trust," the illness interpretation "call for help," and living with a partner; Existential Needs can be predicted by "call for help" and to a weaker extent by (religious) "Trust." Existential Needs are influenced negatively by the illness interpretation "challenge." Needs for Inner Peace were predicted only in trend by the illness interpretation "threat," and there were no significant predictors for the Giving/Generativity needs in the respective regression model.
Patients with chronic pain diseases predominantly report needs related to inner peace and generative relatedness on a personal level, whereas needs related to transcendent relatedness were of minor relevance. Nevertheless, even religious "skeptics" can express specific religious needs, and these should be recognized. Addressing patients' specific needs and also supporting them in their struggle with chronic illness remain a challenging task for the modern health care system.
研究表明，许多患者报告存在未满足的心理社会和精神需求。虽然大多数研究都集中在疾病晚期的患者身上，但我们旨在确定在生活在世俗社会中的慢性疼痛疾病和癌症患者中存在的未满足的精神需求。
在一项匿名的横断面研究中，向德国慢性疼痛疾病（和癌症）患者提供了标准化问卷，即精神需求问卷（SpNQ）、灵性/宗教和应对（SpREUK-15）、精神健康状况（FACIT-Sp）、简明多维生活满意度量表、疾病解读问卷和疾病逃避（Escape）。
我们共纳入 392 名患者（67%为女性，平均年龄 56.3±13.6 岁；61%为基督教徒），其中患有慢性疼痛疾病（86%）和癌症（14%）。宗教需求（量表评分为 0.5±0.8）和存在需求（量表评分为 0.8±0.8）较低，而内心平静需求（量表评分为 1.5±0.9）和给予/生成性需求得分较高（量表评分为 1.3±1.0）。回归分析表明，宗教需求可由（宗教）“信任”、疾病解读“寻求帮助”和与伴侣共同生活最佳预测；存在需求可由“寻求帮助”和在一定程度上由（宗教）“信任”预测。存在需求受到疾病解读“挑战”的负面影响。内心平静需求仅由疾病解读“威胁”预测呈趋势性，而在相应的回归模型中，给予/生成性需求没有显著的预测因素。
慢性疼痛疾病患者主要报告与个人内在平静和生成性相关的需求，而与超越相关的需求则相对较少。尽管如此，即使是宗教“怀疑论者”也可以表达特定的宗教需求，这些需求应该得到认可。满足患者的特定需求并在他们与慢性疾病的斗争中为他们提供支持仍然是现代医疗保健系统面临的一项挑战。
