Mexican Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Vaccine. 2013 Sep 13;31(40):4442-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.061. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
Mexico serves as a global model for advances in rabies prevention and control in dogs. The Mexican Ministry of Health (MMH) annual application of approximately 16 million doses of parenteral rabies vaccine has resulted in significant reductions in canine rabies during the past 20 years. One collateral parameter of rabies programs is dog population management. Enhanced public awareness is critical to reinforce responsible pet ownership. Surgical spaying and neutering remain important to prevent reproduction, but are impractical for achieving dog population management goals. GonaCon™, an anti-gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine, was initially tested in captive female dogs on the Navajo Nation, 2008. The MMH led this international collaborative study on an improved formulation of GonaCon™ in captive dogs with local representatives in Hidalgo, Mexico in 2011. This study contained 20 bitches assigned to Group A (6 control), Group B (7 GonaCon™), and Group C (7 GonaCon™ and rabies vaccine). Vaccines were delivered IM. Animals were placed under observation and evaluated during the 61-day trial. Clinically, all dogs behaved normally. No limping or prostration was observed, in spite of minor muscle atrophy post-mortem in the left hind leg of dogs that received GonaCon™. Two dogs that began the study pregnant give birth to healthy pups. Dogs that received a GonaCon™ injection had macro and microscopic lesions consistent with prior findings, but the adverse injection effects were less frequent and lower in intensity. Both vaccines were immunogenic based on significant increases in rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and anti-GnRH antibodies in treatment Groups B and C. Simultaneous administration of GonaCon™ and rabies vaccine in Group C did not affect immunogenicity. Progesterone was suppressed significantly in comparison to controls. Future studies that monitor fertility through multiple breeding cycles represent a research need to determine the value of integrating this vaccine into dog rabies management.
墨西哥为狗的狂犬病预防和控制提供了全球典范。过去 20 年里，墨西哥卫生部每年应用约 1600 万剂狂犬病疫苗，使犬类狂犬病显著减少。狂犬病计划的一个附带参数是犬只种群管理。增强公众意识对于加强负责任的宠物饲养至关重要。绝育手术仍然是预防繁殖的重要手段，但对于实现犬只种群管理目标并不实用。GonaCon™，一种抗促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）疫苗，最初于 2008 年在纳瓦霍族进行了圈养雌性犬的测试。墨西哥卫生部于 2011 年在墨西哥伊达尔戈与当地代表一起领导了这项关于改进的 GonaCon™在圈养犬中的应用的国际合作研究。这项研究包含 20 只母犬，分为 A 组（6 只对照）、B 组（7 只 GonaCon™）和 C 组（7 只 GonaCon™和狂犬病疫苗）。疫苗通过肌内注射给药。动物在 61 天的试验期间接受观察和评估。临床检查，所有犬只表现正常。尽管接受 GonaCon™的犬只左后腿有轻微的肌肉萎缩，但未观察到跛行或虚弱。开始研究时怀孕的两只犬只产下了健康的幼犬。接受 GonaCon™注射的犬只有与之前发现一致的宏观和微观病变，但不良反应的频率和强度较低。根据 B 组和 C 组狂犬病病毒中和抗体和抗 GnRH 抗体的显著增加，两种疫苗均具有免疫原性。在 C 组同时给予 GonaCon™和狂犬病疫苗不影响免疫原性。与对照组相比，孕酮明显受到抑制。未来通过多个繁殖周期监测生育能力的研究代表了将这种疫苗纳入犬类狂犬病管理的研究需求。
