Lucas C H Alvarez, Pino F Vargas, Baer G, Morales P Kuri, Cedillo V Gutiérrez, Blanco M A Llanas, Avila M Hernández
Prevention Programs General Direction, México.
Dev Biol (Basel). 2008;131:167-75.
Rabies in dogs was unknown in the Americas before the arrival of the Spanish "Conquistadores". Until the mid-1980s rabies in animals and, in turn in humans, changed little from year to year, with the number of dog vaccinations reported annually rarely reaching one million. In Mexico, the national rabies control programme using mass parenteral vaccination of dogs started in 1990 with about seven million dogs vaccinated the same year. The number of vaccinated dogs exceeded 10 and 15 million in 1995 and 2005, respectively. Modern cell culture-based inactivated rabies virus vaccines were used. A key factor for the success of the dog rabies control program was the supply of potent canine rabies vaccines. Between 1990 and 2005, more than 150 million vaccine doses from 300 lots were administered. Each lot was tested for potency prior to use in the field. The required minimum content of rabies virus antigen for vaccines was 2 IU, in accord with WHO standards. Testing revealed antigen contents ranging from 3.28 to 5.59 IU. As a result of the mass dog vaccination campaigns, human rabies cases due to dog-mediated rabies decreased from 60 in 1990 to 0 in 2000. The number of rabies cases in dogs decreased from 3,049 in 1990 to 70 cases last year.
在西班牙“征服者”抵达之前，美洲地区的犬类狂犬病并不为人所知。直到20世纪80年代中期，动物狂犬病以及由此导致的人类狂犬病年发病率变化不大，每年报告的犬类疫苗接种数量很少达到100万。在墨西哥，1990年开始实施全国性的犬类狂犬病控制计划，采用大规模皮下注射疫苗的方式，同年约有700万只犬接种了疫苗。1995年和2005年，接种疫苗的犬只数量分别超过了1000万和1500万。使用的是基于现代细胞培养的灭活狂犬病病毒疫苗。犬类狂犬病控制计划成功的一个关键因素是高效犬用狂犬病疫苗的供应。1990年至2005年间，共接种了来自300批的超过1.5亿剂疫苗。每批疫苗在投入现场使用前都进行了效力测试。根据世界卫生组织标准，疫苗所需的狂犬病病毒抗原最低含量为2国际单位。测试显示抗原含量在3.28至5.59国际单位之间。由于大规模犬类疫苗接种运动，犬传人的人类狂犬病病例从1990年的60例降至2000年的0例。犬类狂犬病病例从1990年的3049例降至去年的70例。
