Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore St., 8 South, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Pain Studies, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2013 Oct;34(4):350-66. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
Women disproportionately suffer from many deep tissue pain conditions. Experimental studies show that women have lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings and less tolerance to a range of painful stimuli. Most clinical and epidemiological reports suggest female gonadal hormones modulate pain for some, but not all, conditions. Similarly, animal studies support greater nociceptive sensitivity in females in many deep tissue pain models. Gonadal hormones modulate responses in primary afferents, dorsal horn neurons and supraspinal sites, but the direction of modulation is variable. This review will examine sex differences in deep tissue pain in humans and animals focusing on the role of gonadal hormones (mainly estradiol) as an underlying component of the modulation of pain sensitivity.
女性不成比例地遭受许多深部组织疼痛疾病的困扰。实验研究表明，女性的疼痛阈值较低，疼痛评分较高，对一系列疼痛刺激的耐受性较低。大多数临床和流行病学报告表明，女性性腺激素调节某些但不是所有条件下的疼痛。同样，动物研究支持在许多深部组织疼痛模型中，女性的伤害性感受敏感性更高。性腺激素调节初级传入纤维、背角神经元和脊髓上部位的反应，但调节的方向是可变的。这篇综述将检查人类和动物深部组织疼痛的性别差异，重点关注性腺激素（主要是雌二醇）作为疼痛敏感性调节的潜在组成部分的作用。
