Kristiansen Anne Lene, Laugsand Lillegaard Inger Therese, Frost Andersen Lene
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, Oslo, 0316, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Jul 24;13:680. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-680.
National dietary surveys among Norwegian 12-months olds have been conducted twice: in 1999 and 2007. At both time-points diet were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) (the SFFQ-1999 and the SFFQ-2007). Modifications in the SFFQ-2007 compared to the SFFQ-1999 have been made; therefore, the objective of the present study has been to explore the comparability of the data obtained by the two questionnaires. Moreover, reliability of maternal recall of infant feeding practices was assessed.
Three hundred Norwegian infants born in April 2007 were invited to participate by completing both the SFFQ-1999 and the SFFQ-2007. An invitation letter and one of two questionnaires were sent by mail to the mother/parents about two weeks before the child turned 12 months of age. The study had a cross-over design where half of the sample received the SFFQ-1999 first and then about 2-3 weeks later they received the SFFQ-2007. The second half received the SFFQ-2007 first, and then 2-3 weeks later they received the SFFQ-1999.
Ninety three participants completed both questionnaires (SFFQ-1999 and SFFQ-2007). For nutrients, the largest significant differences between the questionnaires were found for intake of vitamin D and added sugar, where added sugar was reported lower and vitamin D was reported higher with the SFFQ-2007 compared to the SFFQ-1999. For food items, lower intake of yoghurt and higher intake of vegetables and fish were observed with the SFFQ-2007 compared to the SFFQ-1999. In addition, reliable answers with regard to breastfeeding status, age for breastfeeding cessation and age for introducing solid foods were found.
There was reasonable comparability between the two questionnaires for most nutrients and foods. The differences between the two questionnaires could mainly be explained by modifications that had occurred over time, where changes in the food composition databases used and especially changes in commercial recipes with regard to baby food products seemed to be of major importance. The differences are important to take into account when interpreting dietary trends among Norwegian 12 month-olds in the period from 1999 to 2007. This study also implies that maternal recall of infant feeding practices is reliable.
挪威针对12个月大婴儿开展了两次全国性饮食调查，分别在1999年和2007年。在这两个时间点，饮食情况均通过半定量食物频率问卷（SFFQ）进行评估（即1999年SFFQ和2007年SFFQ）。2007年的SFFQ与1999年的相比有所修改；因此，本研究的目的是探讨两份问卷所获数据的可比性。此外，还评估了母亲对婴儿喂养方式回忆的可靠性。
邀请了2007年4月出生的300名挪威婴儿参与，要求他们同时完成1999年SFFQ和2007年SFFQ。在孩子满12个月前约两周，通过邮件向母亲/父母发送邀请函和两份问卷中的一份。该研究采用交叉设计，样本的一半先收到1999年SFFQ，然后在大约2 - 3周后收到2007年SFFQ。另一半则先收到2007年SFFQ，然后在2 - 3周后收到1999年SFFQ。
93名参与者完成了两份问卷（1999年SFFQ和2007年SFFQ）。对于营养素，两份问卷之间最大的显著差异在于维生素D和添加糖的摄入量，与1999年SFFQ相比，2007年SFFQ报告的添加糖摄入量较低，而维生素D摄入量较高。对于食物项目，与1999年SFFQ相比，2007年SFFQ显示酸奶摄入量较低，蔬菜和鱼类摄入量较高。此外，发现母亲关于母乳喂养状况、停止母乳喂养年龄和引入固体食物年龄的回答是可靠的。
两份问卷在大多数营养素和食物方面具有合理的可比性。两份问卷之间的差异主要可由随时间发生的修改来解释，其中所使用的食物成分数据库的变化，尤其是婴儿食品商业配方的变化似乎最为重要。在解读1999年至2007年期间挪威12个月大婴儿的饮食趋势时，这些差异很重要，需要加以考虑。本研究还表明母亲对婴儿喂养方式的回忆是可靠的。
