Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil .
Genet Mol Biol. 2013 Jul;36(2):192-200. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572013005000022. Epub 2013 May 17.
Kaempfer's Woodpecker (Celeus obrieni) is the only species of the genus Celeus endemic to Brazil. The description of this taxon as a subspecies of the Rufous-headed Woodpecker (Celeus spectabilis) was based on a single specimen. While C. obrieni and C. spectabilis are now considered separate species based on morphological and limited molecular evidence, no study has critically tested the reciprocal monophyly and degree of evolutionary independence between these taxa with several specimens. Herein, fragments of the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of three recently-collected specimens of C. obrieni were analyzed to evaluate the degree of evolutionary differentiation of this taxon with respect to C. spectabilis. The results confirm the reciprocal monophyly between the specimens of C. obrieni and C. spectabilis. The genetic divergence values for the two taxa also support their classification as independent species, given that they are greater than the values recorded among other closely-related but separate species of the same genus. Estimates of the divergence time between C. obrieni and C. spectabilis indicate that cladogenesis occurred in the mid-Pleistocene, during a period of major climatic fluctuations and landscape change, consistent with the hypothesis of a corridor of open bamboo dominated forests and woodland stretching.
金背三趾啄木鸟（Celeus obrieni）是巴西特有的 Celeus 属中唯一的物种。该分类群被描述为红冠啄木鸟（Celeus spectabilis）的亚种，这一说法基于单一标本。尽管 C. obrieni 和 C. spectabilis 现在基于形态和有限的分子证据被认为是独立的物种，但没有研究用多个标本对这些类群的相互单系性和进化独立性进行严格测试。在此，对最近采集的三个 C. obrieni 标本的线粒体和核 DNA 片段进行了分析，以评估该分类群相对于 C. spectabilis 的进化分化程度。结果证实了 C. obrieni 和 C. spectabilis 标本之间的相互单系性。这两个类群的遗传分化值也支持将它们分类为独立的物种，因为它们大于同一属中其他密切相关但分离的物种之间记录的值。C. obrieni 和 C. spectabilis 之间的分歧时间估计表明，分支发生在更新世中期，当时经历了主要的气候波动和景观变化，这与存在一个由开阔的竹类为主的森林和林地组成的走廊的假说一致。
