Wu M-L, Yang C-C, Ger J, Tsai W-J, Deng J-F
1Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014 May;33(5):449-54. doi: 10.1177/0960327113499165. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a dangerous chemical that can cause severe cutaneous burns as well as possible systemic toxicity.
We retrospectively analyzed all human HF exposure cases reported to the National Poison Control Center of Taiwan between 1991 and 2010.
In this 20-year survey, 324 calls were identified, with a majority of dermal exposure (84%). Occupational exposure accounted for 80% of all cases, with workers in semiconductor industry (61%), cleaning industry (15%), chemical or metal industry (13%), and other industries (11%). Electrolyte imbalances were uncommon, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia were recorded in 8.6%, 1.2%, and 1.5% of all cases, respectively. Most cases (64%) of dermal exposure received antidotal treatment. Treatment modalities of dermal exposure included calcium gluconate soaking, 49.8%; intravenous calcium, 20.6%; and topical use of calcium gluconate gel, 13.9%. Twenty patients (7%) received surgery. Following HF exposure, the majority of patients presented with mild (56.5%) or moderate (36.7%) toxic effects. However, four patients were severely intoxicated; two patients died of HF-related dysrhythmia and shock.
Significant symptomology may occur following HF exposure, and most of the HF exposure required hospitals evaluation. Calcium gluconate soaks appear to be effective in reducing local pain and tissue damage. Hyperkalemia should not be overemphasized as a common finding in HF exposure, hypokalemia tends to occur in cases of severe HF poisoning.
氢氟酸（HF）是一种危险化学品，可导致严重的皮肤烧伤以及可能的全身毒性。
我们回顾性分析了1991年至2010年期间向台湾地区国家中毒控制中心报告的所有人类氢氟酸暴露病例。
在这项为期20年的调查中，共识别出324例病例，其中大多数为皮肤暴露（84%）。职业暴露占所有病例的80%，其中半导体行业工人占61%，清洁行业占15%，化工或金属行业占13%，其他行业占11%。电解质失衡并不常见，低钙血症、低镁血症和低钾血症分别在所有病例中的发生率为8.6%、1.2%和1.5%。大多数皮肤暴露病例（64%）接受了解毒治疗。皮肤暴露的治疗方式包括葡萄糖酸钙浸泡，占49.8%；静脉注射钙，占20.6%；局部使用葡萄糖酸钙凝胶，占13.9%。20例患者（7%）接受了手术。氢氟酸暴露后，大多数患者表现为轻度（56.5%）或中度（36.7%）中毒效应。然而，有4例患者严重中毒；2例患者死于与氢氟酸相关的心律失常和休克。
氢氟酸暴露后可能出现明显症状，大多数氢氟酸暴露病例需要医院评估。葡萄糖酸钙浸泡似乎对减轻局部疼痛和组织损伤有效。高钾血症不应被过度强调为氢氟酸暴露的常见表现，低钾血症往往发生在严重氢氟酸中毒病例中。
