Department of Neonatology, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, , Edinburgh, UK.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013 Nov;98(6):F559-62. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-303582. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
A mother's expressed breast milk (MEBM) is overall the best feed for her preterm baby during the neonatal period, and is associated with improved short-term and long-term outcomes. Neonatal services should commit the resources needed to optimise its use. The place of banked donor expressed breast milk (DEBM) is less clear, but it probably has a role in reducing the risk of necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis in preterm infants at particularly high risk. There is considerable variation in the composition of human milk and nutrient fortification is often needed to achieve intrauterine growth rates. Human milk can transmit potentially harmful micro-organisms, and pasteurisation, which denatures some of the bioactive factors, is the only known way of preventing this. This is carried out for DEBM but not MEBM in the UK. Future research on human milk should focus on (a) critical exposure periods, (b) understanding better its bioactive properties, (c) the role of DEBM and (d) nutritional quality assurance.
母亲的母乳是早产儿在新生儿期的最佳食物，与改善短期和长期结果相关。新生儿服务机构应投入必要资源来优化其使用。储存的捐赠母乳的地位不太明确，但它可能在降低特别高危早产儿患坏死性小肠结肠炎和败血症的风险方面发挥作用。母乳的成分差异很大，通常需要强化营养才能达到宫内生长速度。母乳可以传播潜在有害的微生物，巴氏消毒（使一些生物活性因子变性）是唯一已知的预防方法。在英国，这一方法用于储存的捐赠母乳，但不用于母亲的母乳。关于母乳的未来研究应重点关注：（a）关键暴露期；（b）更好地了解其生物活性特性；（c）储存的捐赠母乳的作用；（d）营养质量保证。
