Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
Biochimie. 2014 Jan;96:14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Jul 27.
Linoleic acid is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in human nutrition and represents about 14 g per day in the US diet. Following the discovery of its essential functions in animals and humans in the early 1920's, studies are currently questioning the real requirement of linoleic acid. It seems now overestimated and creates controversy: how much linoleic acid should be consumed in a healthy diet? Beyond the necessity to redefine the dietary requirement of linoleic acid, many questions concerning the consequences of its excessive consumption on human health arise. Linoleic acid is a direct precursor of the bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites. It is also a precursor of arachidonic acid, which produces pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and endocannabinoids. A majority of the studies on linoleic acid and its derivatives show a direct/indirect link with inflammation and metabolic diseases. Many authors claim that a high linoleic acid intake may promote inflammation in humans. This review tries to (i) highlight the importance of reconsidering the actual requirement of linoleic acid (ii) point out the lack of knowledge between dietary levels of linoleic acid and the molecular mechanisms explaining its physiological roles (iii) demonstrate the relevance of carrying out further human studies on the single variable linoleic acid.
亚油酸是人类营养中最丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸，占美国饮食中每天约 14 克。自 20 世纪 20 年代初发现其在动物和人类中的基本功能以来，目前的研究对亚油酸的实际需求提出了质疑。亚油酸似乎被高估了，并引发了争议：健康饮食中应该摄入多少亚油酸？除了重新定义亚油酸的膳食需求之外，还出现了许多关于其过量摄入对人类健康的影响的问题。亚油酸是生物活性氧化亚油酸代谢物的直接前体。它也是花生四烯酸的前体，花生四烯酸产生促炎类二十烷酸和内源性大麻素。大多数关于亚油酸及其衍生物的研究表明，其与炎症和代谢性疾病之间存在直接/间接联系。许多作者声称，高亚油酸摄入量可能会促进人类的炎症。这篇综述试图：（i）强调重新考虑亚油酸实际需求的重要性；（ii）指出饮食中亚油酸水平与解释其生理作用的分子机制之间的知识差距；（iii）表明进一步对单变量亚油酸进行人体研究的相关性。
