Iranpour Ramin, Kelishadi Roya, Babaie Sharareh, Khosravi-Darani Kianoush, Farajian Sanam
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Res Med Sci. 2013 Jan;18(1):1-5.
Human milk (HM) is the main food for infants, and phospholipids, especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), play an essential role in the growth and brain development. This study was designed to evaluate the fatty acid composition in HM of mothers with preterm and full-term newborns and to determine the relationships of dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) of mothers and the content of these fatty acids in their milks.
The AA and DHA of HM were determined by gas chromatography at the 3(rd) day after birth from mothers of 59 term and 58 preterm infants. Mothers were selected from those who delivered in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, a referral teaching hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Dietary fat composition of mothers was examined by a food-frequency questionnaire. Total fat content, and DHA and AA levels of HM were compared in both groups. The correlation of dietary DHA and AA with DHA and AA of HM was determined in both groups.
We found that maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported food-frequency questionnaire did not differ in the two groups. The mean AA (0.19 ± 0.10 mg/ml and 0.16 ± 0.09 mg/ml, respectively), DHA (0.10 ± 0.06 mg/ml and 0.08 ± 0.05 mg/ml, respectively), and total fat content (2.58 ± 2.16 g/dl and 2.06 ± 1.22 g/dl, respectively) of HM of mothers with preterm neonates were non-significantly higher than in mothers with term neonates. The percentage of DHA in the HM fat of preterm and term groups (0.45 ± 0.16% and 0.45 ± 0.18%, respectively) and the percentage of AA (0.85 ± 0.26% and 0.84 ± 0.20%, respectively) were comparable with worldwide standards. No correlations were documented between DHA and AA intake and DHA and AA content of HM in both groups.
Although DHA and AA content of HM in preterm group was higher than in term group, this difference were not significant. In Isfahan, the percentage of DHA and AA was acceptable in the milk fat of mothers with term and preterm neonates.
母乳是婴儿的主要食物，磷脂，尤其是长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFAs），在婴儿生长和大脑发育中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在评估早产和足月新生儿母亲母乳中的脂肪酸组成，并确定母亲膳食中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（AA）的摄入量与母乳中这些脂肪酸含量之间的关系。
采用气相色谱法测定了59名足月婴儿和58名早产婴儿母亲产后第3天母乳中的AA和DHA含量。这些母亲选自伊朗伊斯法罕医科大学附属的转诊教学医院——沙希德·贝赫什提医院分娩的产妇。通过食物频率问卷对母亲的膳食脂肪组成进行了调查。比较了两组母乳中的总脂肪含量、DHA和AA水平。确定了两组中母亲膳食中的DHA和AA与母乳中的DHA和AA之间的相关性。
我们发现两组母亲的年龄、体重指数（BMI）和自我报告的食物频率问卷并无差异。早产新生儿母亲母乳中的平均AA含量（分别为0.19±0.10mg/ml和0.16±0.09mg/ml）、DHA含量（分别为0.10±0.06mg/ml和0.08±0.05mg/ml）以及总脂肪含量（分别为2.58±2.16g/dl和2.06±1.22g/dl）略高于足月新生儿母亲，但差异无统计学意义。早产组和足月组母乳脂肪中DHA的百分比（分别为0.45±0.16%和0.45±0.18%）以及AA的百分比（分别为0.85±0.26%和0.84±0.20%）与全球标准相当。两组中DHA和AA的摄入量与母乳中DHA和AA的含量均无相关性。
虽然早产组母乳中DHA和AA的含量高于足月组，但差异不显著。在伊斯法罕，足月和早产新生儿母亲的母乳脂肪中DHA和AA的百分比是可以接受的。
