Mileviciute I, Hartley S L
Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2015 Feb;59(2):158-69. doi: 10.1111/jir.12075. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Virtually nothing is known about potential differences in the types of depression symptoms reported by adults with mild intellectual disability (ID) on self-reported questionnaires as compared with the types of symptoms reported by caregivers on informant questionnaires. Moreover, little is known about how the presentation of depression among adults with mild ID varies based on socio-demographic characteristics.
We compared findings from two self-reported questionnaires, the Self-Reported Depression Questionnaire (SRDQ) and the Glasgow Depression Scale for People with a Learning Disability (GDS), to that of an informant questionnaire of depressive symptoms, the Glasgow Depression Scale--Caregiver Supplement (CGDS), in 80 adults with mild ID. We also examined the association between age, sex, IQ and the presence of a co-occurring psychiatric disorder and frequency of affective, cognitive and somatic depressive symptoms in our sample of adults with mild ID.
Adults with mild ID self-reported a higher frequency of affective and cognitive depressive symptoms than staff reported on the informant measure. Staff reported a higher frequency of somatic symptoms than adults with mild ID on one of the self-reported questionnaires (GDS) and a similar frequency on the other self-reported questionnaire (SRDQ). Important differences were found in the types of depressive symptoms based on their IQ, age and presence of a co-occurring psychiatric disorder.
Informant questionnaires offer valuable information, but assessment should include self-reported questionnaires as these questionnaires add unique information about internalised experiences (affective and cognitive symptoms) of adults with mild ID that may not be apparent to caregivers. Health care providers should be made aware of the important differences in the presentation of depressive based on their IQ, age and presence of a co-occurring psychiatric disorder.
与照顾者通过知情者问卷报告的抑郁症状类型相比，关于轻度智力障碍（ID）成年人在自我报告问卷中报告的抑郁症状类型的潜在差异，人们几乎一无所知。此外，对于轻度ID成年人中抑郁症的表现如何因社会人口学特征而异，人们也知之甚少。
我们将两份自我报告问卷，即自我报告抑郁问卷（SRDQ）和格拉斯哥学习障碍者抑郁量表（GDS）的结果，与80名轻度ID成年人的抑郁症状知情者问卷，即格拉斯哥抑郁量表——照顾者补充版（CGDS）的结果进行了比较。我们还研究了年龄、性别、智商以及共病精神障碍的存在与我们样本中轻度ID成年人的情感、认知和躯体抑郁症状频率之间的关联。
轻度ID成年人自我报告的情感和认知抑郁症状频率高于工作人员在知情者测量中报告的频率。在其中一份自我报告问卷（GDS）上，工作人员报告的躯体症状频率高于轻度ID成年人，而在另一份自我报告问卷（SRDQ）上，两者频率相似。根据智商、年龄和共病精神障碍的存在情况，发现抑郁症状类型存在重要差异。
知情者问卷提供了有价值的信息，但评估应包括自我报告问卷，因为这些问卷能提供关于轻度ID成年人内化经历（情感和认知症状）的独特信息而照顾者可能并不清楚。医疗保健提供者应意识到基于智商、年龄和共病精神障碍的存在情况，抑郁症表现存在的重要差异。
