Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany.
Disasters. 2013 Jul;37 Suppl 1:S1-19. doi: 10.1111/disa.12009.
This introductory paper sets the stage for this special issue of Disasters on evidence-based action in humanitarian crises. It reviews definition(s) of evidence and it examines the different disciplinary and methodological approaches to collecting and analysing evidence. In humanitarian action, the need for evidence-based approaches sometimes is viewed in tension with a principled approach, often unnecessarily. Choosing appropriate research methods depends on the objectives of the researcher, in particular whether the research focuses on the intervention and/or the context and the length and complexity of the causal chains involved. The paper concludes by defining some trends in evidence-based approaches in crises: the move away from inputs and outputs of humanitarian action towards outcomes and impacts; the shift towards a higher degree of partnerships in research, and the participation of users and target groups; and the acceptance of a broad array of approaches to establish evidence.
这篇引言为本期灾害特刊奠定了基础，探讨了人道主义危机中循证行动的相关问题。文中回顾了证据的定义，并考察了不同学科和方法在收集和分析证据方面的差异。在人道主义行动中，循证方法的必要性有时与原则性方法相冲突，而这种冲突往往是不必要的。选择合适的研究方法取决于研究人员的目标，特别是研究是侧重于干预措施和/或背景以及所涉及因果关系的长度和复杂性。本文最后定义了危机中循证方法的一些趋势：从人道主义行动的投入和产出转向结果和影响；朝着更高程度的研究伙伴关系以及使用者和目标群体的参与转变；以及接受广泛的方法来建立证据。
