女性住院医师的压力来源。
Source of stress in women junior house officers.
作者信息
Firth-Cozens J
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Leeds.
出版信息
BMJ. 1990 Jul 14;301(6743):89-91. doi: 10.1136/bmj.301.6743.89.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the causes of stress in women doctors and relate these to levels of depression.
DESIGN
Questionnaire study.
SUBJECTS
Of 92 women doctors who had graduated from the universities of Leeds, Manchester, and Sheffield in 1986 and had been working as junior house officers for eight months 70 (76%) returned completed questionnaires.
MAIN RESULTS
Mean score on the general health questionnaire was 13.79 (SD 5.20) and on the symptom checklist for depression was 1.43 (0.83). The scores of 32 subjects (46%) were above the criterion for clinical depression. Overwork was perceived as creating the most strain, followed by effects on personal life, serious failures of treatment, and talking to distressed relatives. Both stress and depression were related to effects on personal life, overwork, relations with consultants, and making decisions. Sex related sources of stress were conflicts between career and personal life, sexual harassment at work, a lack of female role models, and prejudice from patients. In addition to these, discrimination by senior doctors was related to depression.
CONCLUSION
Changes are needed in the career paths of women doctors, and could be implemented.
目的
确定女医生压力产生的原因，并将其与抑郁水平联系起来。
设计
问卷调查研究。
研究对象
1986年毕业于利兹大学、曼彻斯特大学和谢菲尔德大学，担任初级住院医师8个月的92名女医生中，70名（76%）返回了完整问卷。
主要结果
一般健康问卷的平均得分为13.79（标准差5.20），抑郁症状清单的平均得分为1.43（0.83）。32名受试者（46%）的得分高于临床抑郁标准。过度劳累被认为是造成压力最大的因素，其次是对个人生活的影响、严重的治疗失误以及与痛苦的亲属交谈。压力和抑郁都与对个人生活的影响、过度劳累、与顾问的关系以及做决定有关。与性别相关的压力源包括职业与个人生活之间的冲突、工作中的性骚扰、缺乏女性榜样以及患者的偏见。除此之外，高级医生的歧视与抑郁有关。
结论
女医生的职业道路需要改变，并且可以实施。
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