Institute of Exercise Science and Wellness, Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Oct 15;115(8):1173-82. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00738.2013. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-free acid (HMB-FA) and cold-water immersion (CWI) on circulating concentrations of TNF-α and monocyte TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) expression. Forty resistance-trained men (22.3 ± 2.4 yr) were randomized into four groups [placebo (PL), HMB-FA, CWI, and HMB-FA-CWI] and performed an acute, intense exercise protocol (four sets of up to 10 repetitions of the squat, dead lift, and split squat). Participants also performed four sets of up to 10 repetitions of the squat at 24 and 48 h following the initial exercise bout. Blood was sampled before exercise (PRE), immediately postexercise (IP), and 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h postexercise (30P, 24P, and 48P, respectively). Circulating TNF-α was assayed, and TNFR1 expression on CD14+ monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The exercise protocol significantly elevated TNF-α in only PL (P = 0.006) and CWI (P = 0.045) IP. Mean percent changes show that TNF-α significantly increased from PRE to IP for only PL and CWI groups (P < 0.05), whereas the percent change of TNF-α for HMB-FA and HMB-FA-CWI was not significant. TNFR1 expression was elevated in PL (P = 0.023) and CWI (P = 0.02) at 30P compared with PRE, whereas both HMB-FA-treated groups did not increase significantly. In conclusion, HMB-FA attenuated circulating TNF-α IP and TNFR1 expression during recovery compared with PL and CWI. HMB-FA supplementation may attenuate the initial immune response to intense exercise, which may reduce recovery time following intense exercise.
本研究旨在探讨β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸游离酸（HMB-FA）和冷水浸泡（CWI）对循环肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）浓度和单核细胞 TNF-α受体 1（TNFR1）表达的影响。40 名力量训练男性（22.3±2.4 岁）被随机分为 4 组[安慰剂（PL）、HMB-FA、CWI 和 HMB-FA-CWI]，并进行了一次急性剧烈运动方案（4 组，每组 10 次深蹲、硬拉和分腿蹲）。参与者还在初始运动后 24 和 48 小时进行了 4 组，每组 10 次深蹲。在运动前（PRE）、运动后即刻（IP）、运动后 30 分钟（30P）、24 小时（24P）和 48 小时（48P）采集血液样本。通过流式细胞术检测循环 TNF-α，并用 CD14+单核细胞测量 TNFR1 表达。运动方案仅在 PL（P=0.006）和 CWI（P=0.045）IP 中显著升高 TNF-α。平均百分比变化表明，仅 PL 和 CWI 组 TNF-α从 PRE 到 IP 显著增加（P<0.05），而 HMB-FA 和 HMB-FA-CWI 组的 TNF-α百分比变化不显著。与 PRE 相比，PL（P=0.023）和 CWI（P=0.02）在 30P 时 TNFR1 表达升高，而 HMB-FA 处理组均未显著增加。总之，与 PL 和 CWI 相比，HMB-FA 可降低恢复期循环 TNF-α IP 和 TNFR1 表达。HMB-FA 补充可能会减弱对剧烈运动的初始免疫反应，从而减少剧烈运动后的恢复时间。
