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黑猩猩生物学能揭示人类的起源与进化吗?

Can chimpanzee biology highlight human origin and evolution?

作者信息

Roffman Itai, Nevo Eviatar

机构信息

International Graduate Center of Evolution, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.

出版信息

Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2010 Jul 2;1(1):e0009. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10009. Print 2010 Jul.

Abstract

The closest living relatives of humans are their chimpanzee/bonobo (Pan) sister species, members of the same subfamily "Homininae". This classification is supported by over 50 years of research in the fields of chimpanzee cultural diversity, language competency, genomics, anatomy, high cognition, psychology, society, self-consciousness and relation to others, tool use/production, as well as Homo level emotions, symbolic competency, memory recollection, complex multifaceted problem-solving capabilities, and interspecies communication. Language competence and symbolism can be continuously bridged from chimpanzee to man. Emotions, intercommunity aggression, body language, gestures, facial expressions, and vocalization of intonations seem to parallel between the sister taxa Homo and Pan. The shared suite of traits between Pan and Homo genus demonstrated in this article integrates old and new information on human-chimpanzee evolution, bilateral informational and cross-cultural exchange, promoting the urgent need for Pan cultures in the wild to be protected, as they are part of the cultural heritage of mankind. Also, we suggest that bonobos, Pan paniscus, based on shared traits with Australopithecus, need to be included in Australopithecine's subgenus, and may even represent living-fossil Australopithecines. Unfolding bonobo and chimpanzee biology highlights our common genetic and cultural evolutionary origins.

摘要

人类现存的近亲是黑猩猩/倭黑猩猩(Pan)姐妹物种,它们属于同一亚科“人亚科”。这一分类得到了50多年来在黑猩猩文化多样性、语言能力、基因组学、解剖学、高级认知、心理学、社会、自我意识与他人关系、工具使用/制造等领域的研究支持,以及人类水平的情感、符号能力、记忆回忆、复杂多面的问题解决能力和种间交流等方面的研究支持。语言能力和符号能力可以在黑猩猩和人类之间不断衔接。情感、群体间攻击、肢体语言、手势、面部表情和语调发声在人亚科和Pan姐妹分类群之间似乎是相似的。本文中展示的Pan属和人属之间的共同特征集整合了关于人类 - 黑猩猩进化、双边信息和跨文化交流的新旧信息,凸显了迫切需要保护野生Pan文化,因为它们是人类文化遗产的一部分。此外,我们建议,基于与南方古猿的共同特征,倭黑猩猩(Pan paniscus)需要被纳入南方古猿亚属,甚至可能代表现存的南方古猿活化石。对倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩生物学的深入研究凸显了我们共同的遗传和文化进化起源。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/57be/3721662/3c94c76d56e5/rmmj_1-1-e0009f1.jpg

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