Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014 Jan;87(1):41-51. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12187. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
Prebiotics are considered to have potential to reduce disturbances in the gut microbiota induced by antibiotics. Results in literature are, however, not consistent. The current in vitro study conducted in a fermentation screening platform allowed to unambiguously compare the impact of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on adult gut microbiota composition and activity upon treatment with four antibiotics at two doses. The changes in relative abundance of bacteria upon antibiotic treatment and the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus upon GOS addition were antibiotic and dose dependent. This conclusion explains discrepancies in literature and indicates that particular combinations of GOS antibiotic should be studied. The combination GOS-Amoxicillin was especially of interest as, after decrease in Bifidobacterium levels, a recovery of mainly Bifidobacterium longum was observed and could be correlated with specific degradation patterns of GOS. Next to different degradation profiles of individual GOS, an accumulation of monosaccharides and intermediate organic acids was observed in antibiotic-treated microbiota as compared to nontreated microbiota. This showed that although GOS were utilized and beneficial bacteria could grow in 3 of 4 antibiotics tested, the metabolic activity of an antibiotic-treated microbiota was still disturbed as compared to the nontreated microbiota.
益生菌被认为具有减轻抗生素引起的肠道微生物群紊乱的潜力。然而，文献中的结果并不一致。本研究采用体外发酵筛选平台，明确比较了在两种剂量下用四种抗生素处理时，半乳糖寡糖（GOS）对成人肠道微生物群组成和活性的影响。抗生素处理后细菌相对丰度的变化以及 GOS 添加后双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的生长与抗生素和剂量有关。这一结论解释了文献中的差异，并表明应研究特定的 GOS 抗生素组合。GOS-阿莫西林的组合尤其有趣，因为在双歧杆菌水平下降后，主要观察到长双歧杆菌的恢复，这可以与 GOS 的特定降解模式相关联。与未处理的微生物群相比，在抗生素处理的微生物群中观察到除了个别 GOS 的不同降解谱外，还积累了单糖和中间有机酸。这表明，尽管 GOS 被利用，有益细菌可以在测试的 4 种抗生素中的 3 种中生长，但与未处理的微生物群相比，抗生素处理的微生物群的代谢活性仍受到干扰。
