Monteagudo-Mera A, Arthur J C, Jobin C, Keku T, Bruno-Barcena J M, Azcarate-Peril M A
1 Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
2 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Benef Microbes. 2016;7(2):247-64. doi: 10.3920/BM2015.0114. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health).
益生元是一类可被选择性发酵的成分，它们能使胃肠道微生物群的组成和/或活性发生特定变化，从而对宿主健康产生益处。本研究旨在评估一种由90%纯β(1-4)低聚半乳糖（GOS90）组成的配方对小鼠肠道微生物群组成和活性的影响。无菌小鼠用来自四只无病原体的野生型129小鼠供体（SPF）的微生物群进行定殖，并在一项喂养试验中收集粪便，该试验中GOS90经口投喂14天。16S rDNA扩增子的焦磷酸测序显示，14天后，在喂食GOS90的小鼠中，双歧杆菌、特定的乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌和梭菌目更为普遍，尽管益生元对双歧杆菌的影响在个体小鼠之间有所不同。益生元喂养还导致拟杆菌目、幽门螺杆菌和梭菌的丰度降低。高通量定量PCR显示，在喂食益生元的小鼠中，青春双歧杆菌、假链状双歧杆菌、乳酸双歧杆菌和加氏双歧杆菌的丰度增加。对照雌性小鼠显示出比对照雄性小鼠更高的多样性（粪便中的系统发育多样性（PD）=15.1±3.4，肠道内容物中的PD =13.0±0.6）（粪便样本中的PD =7.8±1.6，肠道内容物中的PD =9.5±1.0）。GOS90未改变炎症生物标志物（白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-12、IL-1β、干扰素γ和肿瘤坏死因子α）。益生元喂养小鼠粪便中丁酸盐、乙酸盐和乳酸盐浓度降低，表明结肠吸收增加，排泄减少。总体而言，我们的结果表明，GOS90能够调节肠道微生物组，导致益生菌群（被认为对健康有有益影响的本地共生肠道细菌）扩张。
