Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 17551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Environment Protection and Development Authority, P.O. Box 11377, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2013 Sep 15;74(1):183-6. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.005. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
The current study was designed to validate the biomarkers of sewage pollution in Mozambique Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica, Peters) reared in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emerates, before and following depuration/detoxification. Cellular biomarkers, cholinesterase activity using acetylcholine as a substrate (acetylcholinesterase AChE) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were investigated in fresh water fish, Tilapia, raised in a fish farm (Group I/Clean, as Control), treated sewage water/TSW (Group II/Sewage) and thereafter exposed to fresh water in an aquarium for 6 weeks (Group III/Depurated) for depuration. The results showed significantly lower levels of AChE activities in liver (26% p<0.01) and muscle (30% p<0.01) of the fish reared in the STP water (Group II/Sewage) as compared to those recorded in the fish from fish farm (Group I/Clean). The depressed AChE level was fully restored in the muscle but partially in the liver after depuration (Group III/Depurated). In contrast, GSH levels were significantly raised in both liver (1.3-fold p<0.01) and muscle (4-fold) of Group II fish as compared to Group I (control) fish raised in fish farm and following depuration in fresh water (Group III/Depurated) elevated GSH level in liver restored to control values, while remained unchanged in muscle. The average hepatosomatic index (HSI=weight of liver×100/total fish weight), an indicator of hepatomegaly, in the Group II fish reared in TSW was also significantly higher than that in the reference Group I fish, but decreased to control level in Group III fish following depuration. This study suggests the importance of cellular biomarkers, AChE, GSH and hepatosomatic index in monitoring the impact of sewage water pollution on fish caused by a complex mixture of chemico-biological contaminants and its mitigation following depuration, an effective mean of fish detoxification.
本研究旨在验证在阿拉伯联合酋长国拉斯海马酋长国的污水处理厂（STP）废水中养殖的莫桑比克罗非鱼（Tilapia mossambica，Peters）的生物标志物，在净化/解毒前后。在一个养鱼场（I 组/清洁，作为对照）中饲养的新鲜淡水鱼罗非鱼中研究了细胞生物标志物，使用乙酰胆碱作为底物的胆碱酯酶活性（乙酰胆碱酯酶 AChE）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和肝体比（HSI），用 TSW 处理的污水/TSW（II 组/污水），然后在水族馆中暴露于淡水 6 周（III 组/净化）进行净化。结果表明，在 STP 水中养殖的鱼（II 组/污水）的肝脏（26%，p<0.01）和肌肉（30%，p<0.01）中的 AChE 活性显着降低，与来自养鱼场的鱼（I 组/清洁）相比。在净化后（III 组/净化），肌肉中的 AChE 水平完全恢复，但肝脏中的部分恢复。相比之下，与在养鱼场中饲养的 I 组（对照）鱼相比，II 组鱼的肝脏（1.3 倍，p<0.01）和肌肉（4 倍）中的 GSH 水平显着升高，在淡水净化后（III 组/净化），肝脏中的 GSH 水平升高恢复到对照值，而肌肉中的 GSH 水平不变。在 TSW 中养殖的 II 组鱼的平均肝体比（HSI=肝脏重量×100/总鱼重），即肝肿大的指标，也明显高于参考 I 组鱼，但在净化后 III 组鱼中降低至对照水平。这项研究表明，细胞生物标志物 AChE、GSH 和肝体比在监测污水污染对鱼类的影响以及在净化后减轻污染方面的重要性，这是一种有效的鱼类解毒方法。
