Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Environ Int. 2013 Sep;59:398-407. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
Exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding may result in adverse health effects in children. Prenatal exposure is determined by the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs in maternal blood, which reflect the body burden obtained by long term dietary exposure. The aims of this study were (1) to describe dietary exposure and important dietary sources to dioxins and PCBs in a large group of pregnant women and (2) to identify maternal characteristics associated with high dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs. Dietary exposure to dioxins (sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) from dioxin-like (dl) compounds) and PCB-153 in 83,524 pregnant women (gestational weeks 17-22) who participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the years 2002-2009 was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a database of dioxin and PCB concentrations in Norwegian food. The median (interquartile range, IQR) intake of PCB-153 (marker of ndl-PCBs) was 0.81 (0.77) ng/kg bw/day. For dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the median (IQR) intake was 0.56 (0.37) pg TEQ/kg bw/day. Moreover, 2.3% of the participants had intakes exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14pg TEQ/kg bw/week. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary exposure was positively associated with maternal age, maternal education, weight gain during pregnancy, being a student, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and negatively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking. A high dietary exposure to PCB-153 or dl-compounds (TEQ) was mainly explained by the consumption of seagull eggs and/or pate with fish liver and roe. Women who according to Norwegian recommendations avoid these food items generally do not have dietary exposure above the tolerable intake of dioxins and dl-PCBs.
怀孕期间和哺乳期接触二恶英和多氯联苯 (PCBs) 可能会对儿童的健康产生不良影响。产前暴露由母体血液中二恶英和 PCB 的浓度决定，这反映了长期饮食暴露所获得的体内负担。本研究的目的是：(1) 描述大量孕妇的二恶英和 PCB 的饮食暴露情况和重要饮食来源；(2) 确定与高饮食二恶英和 PCB 暴露相关的母体特征。83,524 名在 2002-2009 年期间参加挪威母亲和儿童队列研究 (MoBa) 的孕妇（妊娠 17-22 周）的二恶英（来自类似二恶英 (dl) 化合物的毒性等效物 (TEQs) 的总和）和 PCB-153 饮食暴露是基于食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 和挪威食物中二恶英和 PCB 浓度数据库计算得出的。PCB-153（非 dl-PCBs 的标志物）的中位（四分位距，IQR）摄入量为 0.81（0.77）ng/kg bw/天。对于二恶英和类似二恶英的 PCBs，中位数（IQR）摄入量为 0.56（0.37）pg TEQ/kg bw/天。此外，2.3%的参与者的摄入量超过了每周可耐受摄入量 (TWI)14pg TEQ/kg bw/周。多元回归分析表明，饮食暴露与母亲年龄、母亲教育程度、孕期体重增加、学生身份以及孕期饮酒呈正相关，与孕前 BMI 和吸烟呈负相关。高 PCB-153 或 dl-化合物 (TEQ) 的饮食暴露主要归因于食用海鸥蛋和/或鱼肝和鱼卵制成的馅饼。根据挪威建议，避免这些食物的女性一般不会有超过二恶英和 dl-PCBs 可耐受摄入量的饮食暴露。
