Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Life Sci. 2014 Feb 27;97(1):2-8. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.023. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
Synthetic cathinones are an emerging class of designer drugs abused for psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects similar to cocaine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or other amphetamines. Abuse of synthetic cathinones, frequently included in products sold as 'bath salts', became prevalent in early 2009, leading to legislative classification throughout Europe in 2010 and schedule I classification within the United States in 2011. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that dysregulation of central monoamine systems is a principal mechanism of synthetic cathinone action and presumably underlie the behavioral effects and abuse liability associated with these drugs. This review provides insight into the development of synthetic cathinones as substances of abuse, current patterns of their abuse, known mechanisms of their action and toxicology, and the benefits and drawbacks of their classification.
合成卡西酮是一种新兴的设计类药物，具有类似可卡因、亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）或其他苯丙胺类药物的致幻和兴奋作用，常被滥用。合成卡西酮通常被添加到作为“浴盐”出售的产品中，自 2009 年初开始流行，导致 2010 年在整个欧洲被立法分类，并于 2011 年在美国被列为附表 I 类药物。最近的临床前和临床研究表明，中枢单胺系统的失调是合成卡西酮作用的主要机制，也是这些药物相关行为效应和滥用倾向的基础。本文综述了合成卡西酮作为滥用物质的发展历程、目前的滥用模式、作用机制和毒理学，以及对其分类的利弊。
