Department of Psychology, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2013 Jul 30;4:353. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00353. eCollection 2013.
Which emotions are associated with universally recognized non-verbal signals?We address this issue by examining how reliably non-linguistic vocalizations (affect bursts) can convey emotions across cultures. Actors from India, Kenya, Singapore, and USA were instructed to produce vocalizations that would convey nine positive and nine negative emotions to listeners. The vocalizations were judged by Swedish listeners using a within-valence forced-choice procedure, where positive and negative emotions were judged in separate experiments. Results showed that listeners could recognize a wide range of positive and negative emotions with accuracy above chance. For positive emotions, we observed the highest recognition rates for relief, followed by lust, interest, serenity and positive surprise, with affection and pride receiving the lowest recognition rates. Anger, disgust, fear, sadness, and negative surprise received the highest recognition rates for negative emotions, with the lowest rates observed for guilt and shame. By way of summary, results showed that the voice can reveal both basic emotions and several positive emotions other than happiness across cultures, but self-conscious emotions such as guilt, pride, and shame seem not to be well recognized from non-linguistic vocalizations.
哪些情绪与普遍认可的非言语信号有关？我们通过研究非语言发声（情感爆发）在跨文化背景下传达情绪的可靠性来解决这个问题。来自印度、肯尼亚、新加坡和美国的演员被要求发出能够传达九种正面和九种负面情绪的声音。瑞典听众使用内隐效价迫选程序对发声进行判断，在单独的实验中判断正性和负性情绪。结果表明，听众可以识别出广泛的正性和负性情绪，准确率高于随机水平。对于正性情绪，我们观察到解脱的识别率最高，其次是欲望、兴趣、平静和正性惊喜，而喜爱和自豪的识别率最低。愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、悲伤和负性惊喜是负性情绪中识别率最高的，而内疚和羞耻的识别率最低。总之，结果表明，声音可以在跨文化背景下揭示基本情绪和几种除幸福之外的正性情绪，但自我意识情绪，如内疚、自豪和羞耻，似乎无法从非语言发声中很好地识别。
