Lease Richard A, Arluison Véronique, Lavelle Christophe
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Front Life Sci. 2012 Mar;6(1-2):19-32. doi: 10.1080/21553769.2012.761163. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
The primacy and power of RNA in governing many processes of life has begun to be more fully appreciated in both the discovery and inventive sciences. A variety of RNA interactions regulate gene expression, and structural self-assembly underlies many of these processes. The understanding sparked by these discoveries has inspired and informed the engineering of novel RNA structures, control elements, and genetic circuits in cells. Many of these engineered systems are built up fundamentally from RNA-RNA interactions, often combining modular, rational design with functional selection and screening. It is therefore useful to review the particular class of RNA-based regulatory mechanisms that rely on RNA self-assembly either through homomeric (self-self) or heteromeric (self-nonself) RNA-RNA interactions. Structures and sequence elements within individual RNAs create a basis for the pairing interactions, and in some instances can even lead to the formation of RNA polymers. Example systems of dimers, multimers, and polymers are reviewed in this article in the context of natural systems, wherein the function and impact of self-assemblies are understood. Following this, a brief overview is presented of specific engineered RNA self-assembly systems implemented , with lessons learned from both discovery and engineering approaches to RNA-RNA self-assembly.
RNA在掌控许多生命过程中的首要地位和强大作用，在发现科学和发明科学领域都开始得到更充分的认识。多种RNA相互作用调节基因表达，而结构自组装是这些过程的基础。这些发现引发的理解为细胞中新型RNA结构、控制元件和遗传回路的工程设计提供了灵感并提供了信息。许多这些工程系统基本上是由RNA-RNA相互作用构建而成，通常将模块化的合理设计与功能选择和筛选相结合。因此，回顾一下特定类别的基于RNA的调节机制是很有用的，这些机制通过同聚体（自我-自我）或异聚体（自我-非自我）RNA-RNA相互作用依赖于RNA自组装。单个RNA中的结构和序列元件为配对相互作用奠定了基础，在某些情况下甚至可以导致RNA聚合物的形成。本文在自然系统的背景下回顾了二聚体、多聚体和聚合物的示例系统，其中自组装的功能和影响是已知的。在此之后，简要概述了已实施的特定工程RNA自组装系统，并介绍了从发现和工程方法研究RNA-RNA自组装中吸取的经验教训。
