Dillon Daniel G, Ritchey Maureen, Johnson Brian D, LaBar Kevin S
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0999, USA.
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):354-65. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.354.
The authors manipulated emotion regulation strategies at encoding and administered explicit and implicit memory tests. In Experiment 1, participants used reappraisal to enhance and decrease the personal relevance of unpleasant and neutral pictures. In Experiment 2, decrease cues were replaced with suppress cues that directed participants to inhibit emotion-expressive behavior. Across experiments, using reappraisal to enhance the personal relevance of pictures improved free recall. By contrast, attempting to suppress emotional displays tended to impair recall, especially compared to the enhance condition. Using reappraisal to decrease the personal relevance of pictures had different effects depending on picture type. Paired with unpleasant pictures, the decrease cue tended to improve recall. Paired with neutral stimuli, the decrease cue tended to impair recall. Emotion regulation did not affect perceptual priming. Results highlight dissociable effects of emotion regulation on explicit and implicit memory, as well as dissociations between regulation strategies with respect to explicit memory.
作者在编码时操控情绪调节策略，并进行了显性和隐性记忆测试。在实验1中，参与者使用重新评价来增强和降低不愉快和中性图片的个人相关性。在实验2中，减少线索被替换为引导参与者抑制情绪表达行为的抑制线索。在所有实验中，使用重新评价来增强图片的个人相关性可改善自由回忆。相比之下，试图抑制情绪表现往往会损害回忆，尤其是与增强条件相比。使用重新评价来降低图片的个人相关性根据图片类型产生不同的效果。与不愉快图片配对时，减少线索往往会改善回忆。与中性刺激配对时，减少线索往往会损害回忆。情绪调节不影响知觉启动。结果突出了情绪调节对显性和隐性记忆的可分离效应，以及调节策略在显性记忆方面的分离。
