Cátedra UNESCO/UNITWIN/WiCop, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510, P. Real, Cádiz, Spain; Andalusian Center for Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013 Nov;97:47-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
One of the main consequences of the constant input of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment is that biota might develop unknown chronic effects, thus affecting their health even at low concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the health status of Carcinus maenas employing a 2-tier approach, after 28 days of exposure to carbamazepine (CBZ) and novobiocin (NOV) at 0.1, 1, 10 and 50µgL(-1). Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) is employed in tier 1. In tier 2 was applied a battery of biomarkers of exposure and effect (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), dibenzyl flourescein dealkylase (DBF), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA adducts) measured in gill, hepatopancreas, muscle and gonad tissues. Results show a dose-dependent effect. LMS in crabs exposed to environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals was significantly lower compared to controls (p<0.05), indicating their stressed status. EROD activity was induced significantly (p<0.05) in all tissues by NOV (10-50µgL(-1)). DBF activity was induced significantly (p<0.05) in gill and hepatopancreas tissues by CBZ (10-50µgL(-1)). GST activity was activated in all tissues of crabs exposed to the highest concentrations tested (p<0.05). All tissues showed induction of GPX activity after exposure to selected drugs (p<0.05). LPO was activated in gill and hepatopancreas tissues by the pharmaceuticals at 50µgL(-1) (p<0.05). Crabs exposed to NOV (50µgL(-1)) presented DNA damage in gill and hepatopancreas tissues (p<0.05). Environmental concentrations of these pharmaceuticals have a measurable effect on the biomarkers studied. The 2-tier approach applied might be a suitable tool for the assessment of sublethal responses in crabs exposed to pharmaceuticals in the marine environment.
其中一个主要的后果是不断投入到水生环境中的药物，生物可能会发展未知的慢性影响，从而影响他们的健康，即使在低浓度的。本研究的目的是评估 螃蟹 的健康状况，采用 2 层方法，在 28 天暴露于卡马西平 (CBZ) 和新生霉素 (NOV) 在 0.1,1,10 和 50µgL(-1)。溶酶体膜稳定性 (LMS) 用于第 1 层。在第 2 层应用了一系列暴露和效应的生物标志物 (乙氧基荧光素 O-脱乙基酶 (EROD)、二苄基荧光素脱烷基酶 (DBF)、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)、脂质过氧化 (LPO) 和 DNA 加合物) 在鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉和性腺组织中测量。结果显示剂量依赖性效应。与对照组相比，暴露于环境浓度药物的螃蟹的 LMS 显著降低 (p<0.05)，表明其处于应激状态。NOV (10-50µgL(-1)) 显著诱导所有组织的 EROD 活性 (p<0.05)。CBZ (10-50µgL(-1)) 显著诱导鳃和肝胰腺组织的 DBF 活性 (p<0.05)。暴露于测试的最高浓度的所有组织的 GST 活性均被激活 (p<0.05)。所有组织在暴露于选定药物后 GPX 活性均被诱导 (p<0.05)。LPO 在 50µgL(-1) 的药物作用下在鳃和肝胰腺组织中被激活 (p<0.05)。暴露于 NOV (50µgL(-1)) 的螃蟹在鳃和肝胰腺组织中出现 DNA 损伤 (p<0.05)。这些药物的环境浓度对研究中的生物标志物有可测量的影响。应用的 2 层方法可能是评估海洋环境中暴露于药物的螃蟹亚致死反应的合适工具。
