National Institute of Biological Resources (INRB/IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.
Environ Toxicol. 2011 Oct;26(5):524-40. doi: 10.1002/tox.20641. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
Moderate contamination is a challenging scenario for ecotoxicologists because of the occurrence of subtle biomarker responses and the increased relevance of non-contamination related variables. This investigative biomonitoring study was performed in a moderately contaminated coastal system (Óbidos lagoon, Portugal) to examine winter-summer variations on biochemical responses and accumulated metals in Carcinus maenas, searching for associations with environmental and biological factors. Males and females were collected in three sites: Barrosa (BB) and Bom-Sucesso (BS) in upper lagoon, and the middle lagoon (ML), closer to the lagoon inlet. Water and sediment were monitored for metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd). Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione content (GSH(t) ), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), as well as Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr and Cd were measured in the crabs' hepatopancreas. Inter-site differences, though infrequent, pointed to the presence of crab stressors at BB. This was particularly obvious in summer when higher GST as well as lower GSH(t) and EROD were found in females, and accompanied by higher Ni accumulation. Seasonal differences of biochemical responses superimposed spatial variations in line with the contrasting winter-summer conditions regarding water quality and, to a lesser extent, with metal bioaccumulation. CAT, GSH(t) , and LPO were higher in summer, whereas enhancements of GPx and GST were recorded in winter. Winter increases were in agreement with higher availability of metals in water and enhancement of accumulated levels, particularly in females as emphasized by a bioaccumulation index. On the other hand, increases in summer were mainly driven by non-contamination related factors. Males and females exhibited different patterns of metal accumulation and biochemical responses, with females being more responsive, as confirmed by a general stress index (IBR). Results recommend gender separation in biomonitoring programs using crabs. The integration of biochemical responses into IBR substantiated data interpretation. This is particularly relevant under moderate contamination allowing for better site-distinction rather than biochemical responses considered individually.
中度污染对生态毒理学家来说是一个具有挑战性的场景，因为存在微妙的生物标志物反应，并且与污染无关的变量的相关性增加。本研究在一个中度污染的沿海系统（葡萄牙奥维多泻湖）中进行了一项调查性生物监测研究，以检查冬季和夏季 Carcinus maenas 生化反应和积累金属的变化，寻找与环境和生物因素的关联。在三个地点采集了雄性和雌性蟹：上泻湖的巴罗斯萨（Barrosa，BB）和博苏塞索（Bom-Sucesso，BS），以及靠近泻湖入口的中泻湖（ML）。监测了水和沉积物中的金属（Cu、Mn、Ni、Cr、Cd）。在蟹的肝胰腺中测量了过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）、总谷胱甘肽含量（GSH(t)）、脂质过氧化（LPO）和 7-乙氧基异吩恶唑脱乙基酶（EROD），以及 Cu、Mn、Ni、Cr 和 Cd。尽管不常见，但站点间的差异表明 BB 存在蟹应激源。这在夏季尤为明显，当时雌性蟹的 GST 更高，GSH(t) 和 EROD 更低，同时 Ni 积累更高。生化反应的季节性差异与水质的冬夏差异有关，并且在较小程度上与金属生物累积有关，这与空间变化相叠加。夏季 CAT、GSH(t) 和 LPO 升高，而冬季 GPx 和 GST 升高。冬季增加与水中金属的更高可用性以及积累水平的提高一致，特别是在雌性中，生物累积指数强调了这一点。另一方面，夏季的增加主要是由与污染无关的因素驱动的。雄性和雌性蟹的金属积累和生化反应模式不同，雌性蟹更敏感，这一点通过一般应激指数（IBR）得到证实。结果建议在使用蟹进行生物监测计划时区分性别。将生化反应纳入 IBR 使数据解释更加合理。在中度污染下，这一点尤为重要，因为它可以更好地区分站点，而不是单独考虑生化反应。
