Health Protection Surveillance Centre, HSE, Dublin, Ireland.
National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
Epidemiol Infect. 2014 Apr;142(4):847-55. doi: 10.1017/S0950268813001775. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
Human leptospirosis is found throughout the world, albeit with a higher incidence in tropical regions. In temperate regions it is associated with certain occupational and recreational activities. This paper reports both on the incidence of human leptospirosis in Ireland and on possible associated exposures, using leptospirosis case notification, enhanced surveillance, hospital discharge data and death registrations. Based on official notification data, there was a threefold increase in the reported incidence of leptospirosis in Ireland between 1995-1999 and 2004-2009, which appears partially to be due to improved reporting. The exposures most associated with infection were those involving contact with livestock or water-based recreational sports, in particular kayaking. Advice on prevention should continue to be targeted in the first instance at these groups. The variety of potential transmission routes reported should inform clinicians to consider leptospirosis in individuals with a compatible clinical profile who were not from occupational groups historically considered at risk.
人类钩端螺旋体病遍布世界各地，尽管在热带地区发病率更高。在温带地区，它与某些职业和娱乐活动有关。本文报告了爱尔兰人类钩端螺旋体病的发病率以及可能相关的暴露情况，使用了钩端螺旋体病病例报告、强化监测、医院出院数据和死亡登记。根据官方通报数据，1995-1999 年和 2004-2009 年期间，爱尔兰报告的钩端螺旋体病发病率增加了两倍，这部分归因于报告的改善。与感染最相关的暴露是接触牲畜或水基娱乐运动，特别是皮划艇。预防建议应继续首先针对这些群体。报告的各种潜在传播途径应告知临床医生，让他们考虑在非职业性高危人群中出现符合临床特征的个体中是否存在钩端螺旋体病。
