Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Virus Res. 2013 Dec 5;178(1):21-34. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Aug 3.
Domestic ducks play an important role in the epidemiology of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. Consequently, successful control of H5N1 HPAI in ducks is important for the eradication of the disease in poultry and in preventing infections in humans. Domestic ducks, however, include different species and breeds, and the susceptibility to infection, disease and response to vaccination can vary depending on the species and age of the bird. Most domestic duck species are descendants of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), but in Asian countries Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) are also commonly farmed. Current vaccines and vaccination practices are insufficient for the control of H5N1 HPAI virus infections in domestic waterfowl and new vaccination strategies are needed. Although vaccination has proven effective in protecting ducks against disease, shedding of the virus still occurs in clinically healthy vaccinated populations. To improve protection of ducks against H5N1 HPAI, vaccination programs must take into account the susceptibility of ducks to circulating viruses and the particular production systems and husbandry practices of the country. Vaccination needs to be implemented as part of a comprehensive control strategy that also includes biosecurity, surveillance, education and elimination of infected poultry.
家鸭在 H5N1 高致病性禽流感（HPAI）病毒的流行病学中起着重要作用。因此，成功控制鸭中的 H5N1 HPAI 对于在禽类中根除该疾病以及预防人类感染非常重要。然而，家鸭包括不同的物种和品种，感染、疾病和对疫苗接种的反应能力可能因鸟类的物种和年龄而异。大多数家鸭物种是野鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）的后代，但在亚洲国家，麝香鸭（Cairina moschata）也被广泛养殖。目前的疫苗和接种实践不足以控制家养水禽中的 H5N1 HPAI 病毒感染，需要新的疫苗接种策略。尽管疫苗接种已被证明可有效预防鸭只患疾病，但在临床健康的接种鸭群中仍会出现病毒脱落。为了提高对 H5N1 HPAI 的鸭只保护，疫苗接种计划必须考虑到鸭对循环病毒的易感性以及该国特定的生产系统和养殖实践。疫苗接种需要作为综合控制策略的一部分实施，该策略还包括生物安全、监测、教育和感染家禽的消除。
