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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Nov;20(11):8057-76. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1982-5. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
Phthalate acid esters (PAE), commonly named phthalates, are toxics classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds; they are primarily used as additives to improve the flexibility in polyvinyl chloride. Many studies have reported the occurrence of phthalates in different environmental matrices; however, none of these studies has yet established a complete overview for those compounds in the water cycle within an urban environment. This review summarizes PAE concentrations for all environmental media throughout the water cycle, from atmosphere to receiving waters. Once the occurrences of compounds have been evaluated for each environmental compartment (urban wastewater, wastewater treatment plants, atmosphere, and the natural environment), we reviewed data in order to identify the fate of PAE in the environment and establish whether geographical and historical trends exist. Indeed, geographical and historical trends appear between Europe and other countries such as USA/Canada and China, however they remain location dependent. This study aimed at identifying both the correlations existing between environmental compartments and the processes influencing the fate and transport of these contaminants into the environment. In Europe, the concentrations measured in waterways today represent the background level of contamination, which provides evidence of a past diffuse pollution. In contrast, an increasing trend has actually been observed for developing countries, especially for China.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAE），通常称为邻苯二甲酸盐，是一种被归类为内分泌干扰物的有毒物质；它们主要用作添加剂，以提高聚氯乙烯的柔韧性。许多研究报告了邻苯二甲酸盐在不同环境基质中的存在；然而，这些研究都没有在城市环境中建立一个完整的水环中这些化合物的概述。本综述总结了整个水环中所有环境介质（从大气到受纳水体）中的 PAE 浓度。一旦对每个环境区室（城市废水、污水处理厂、大气和自然环境）中的化合物出现情况进行了评估，我们就对数据进行了回顾，以确定 PAE 在环境中的归宿，并确定是否存在地理和历史趋势。事实上，欧洲和美国/加拿大和中国等其他国家之间存在地理和历史趋势，但仍取决于地理位置。本研究旨在确定环境区室之间存在的相关性以及影响这些污染物在环境中迁移和归宿的过程。在欧洲，目前在水道中测量到的浓度代表了污染的背景水平，这证明了过去存在的弥散污染。相比之下，发展中国家，尤其是中国，实际上观察到了一个上升的趋势。
