Zouch Mohamed, Vico Laurence, Frere Delphine, Tabka Zouhair, Alexandre Christian
INSERM, Research Unit UMR 1059, University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France,
Eur J Pediatr. 2014 Jan;173(1):53-61. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2115-3. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
The aim of this study was to determine whether soccer could have different bone benefits in prepubescent and pubescent boys. We investigated 76 boys aged 10 to 13 years during a 1-year study. All boys were prepubescent at the beginning of the study (T0); pubescent status was determined by a complete 24-h urine hormonal assay of FSH-LH, with LH ≤ 0.31 IU/24 h and FSH ≤ 2.19 IU/24 h corresponding to prepubescent Tanner stage I and with 0.31 < LH < 0.95 IU/24 h and 1.57 < FSH < 3.77 IU/24 h corresponding to pubescent Tanner stage II. At the end of the study (T1), 35 boys remained prepubescent (22 soccer players (F1) and 13 controls (C1)), and 41 boys had entered puberty (26 soccer players (F2) and 15 controls (C2)). Soccer players completed 2 to 5 h of training plus one competition game per week during the school year, and controls only had physical education at school. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at T0 and T1 by DPX in the lumbar spine, total hip, and whole body (WB) for a comparison between soccer players and controls. At T0, no BMC difference was found between F1 and C1, but BMC was higher in F2 than C2 in WB and weight-bearing sites. At T1, BMC was higher in WB and weight-bearing sites in both F1 and F2 compared to their respective controls. Between T0 and T1, soccer induced a BMC gain at weight-bearing sites in both F1 and F2 compared to C1 and C2, respectively. The soccer-related bone gain was greater in WB and weight-bearing (the lumbar spine, total hip, and supporting leg) and non-weight-bearing bones (dominant arm and nondominant arm) in boys who became pubescent than in boys who remained prepubescent. In conclusion, 1-year study in young male soccer players demonstrates that the process of bone accretion at the very early phase of puberty is more intensely stimulated by the combination of physical exercise and sexual impregnation than by one of these factors alone.
本研究的目的是确定足球运动对青春期前和青春期男孩的骨骼是否有不同的益处。在一项为期1年的研究中，我们调查了76名年龄在10至13岁的男孩。在研究开始时（T0），所有男孩均处于青春期前；青春期状态通过对促卵泡激素-促黄体生成素（FSH-LH）进行完整的24小时尿激素测定来确定，促黄体生成素（LH）≤0.31 IU/24小时且促卵泡激素（FSH）≤2.19 IU/24小时对应青春期前坦纳I期，0.31＜LH＜0.95 IU/24小时且1.57＜FSH＜3.77 IU/24小时对应青春期坦纳II期。在研究结束时（T1），35名男孩仍处于青春期前（22名足球运动员（F1）和13名对照组（C1）），41名男孩进入青春期（26名足球运动员（F2）和15名对照组（C2））。足球运动员在学年期间每周完成2至5小时的训练加一场比赛，而对照组仅在学校上体育课。在T0和T1时，通过双能X线吸收法（DPX）测量腰椎、全髋和全身（WB）的骨矿物质含量（BMC），以比较足球运动员和对照组。在T0时，F1和C1之间未发现BMC差异，但在WB和负重部位，F2的BMC高于C2。在T1时，与各自的对照组相比，F1和F2的WB和负重部位的BMC均更高。在T0和T1之间，与C1和C2相比，足球运动分别使F1和F2的负重部位BMC增加。与仍处于青春期前的男孩相比，进入青春期的男孩中，与足球相关的骨骼增加在WB和负重部位（腰椎、全髋和支撑腿）以及非负重骨骼（优势臂和非优势臂）更为明显。总之，对年轻男性足球运动员进行的为期1年的研究表明，在青春期早期，体育锻炼和性发育相结合比单独的一个因素更能强烈刺激骨骼生长过程。
