Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
Int J Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;42(3):870-85. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt054.
This article of the International Epidemiological Association commissioned paper series stocktakes the population health and status of epidemiology in 21 of the 53 countries of the WHO European Region. By United Nations geographical classification, these countries belong to Eastern Europe, Western Asia and South-Central Asia.
Published data were used to describe population health indicators and risk factors. Epidemiological training and research was assessed based on author knowledge, information searches and E-mail survey of experts. Bibliometric analyses determined epidemiological publication outputs.
Between-country differences in life expectancy, amount and profile of disease burden and prevalence of risk factors are marked. Epidemiological training is affected by ongoing structural reforms of educational systems. Training is advanced in Israel and several Eastern European countries. Epidemiological research is mainly university-based in most countries, but predominantly conducted by governmental research institutes in several countries of the former Soviet Union. Funding is generally external and limited, partially due to competition from and prioritization of biomedical research. Multiple relevant professional societies exist, especially in Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Few of the region's 39 epidemiological academic journals have international currency. The number of epidemiological publications per population is highest for Israel and lowest for South-Central Asian countries.
Epidemiological capacity will continue to be heterogeneous across the region and depend more on countries' individual historical, social, political and economic conditions and contexts than their epidemiologists' successive efforts. National and international research funding, and within- and between-country collaborations should be enhanced, especially for South-Central Asian countries.
本文是国际流行病学协会委托论文系列的一部分，盘点了世界卫生组织欧洲区域 53 个国家中的 21 个国家的人群健康状况和流行病学现状。按照联合国地理分类，这些国家属于东欧、西亚和中亚。
使用已发表的数据描述人口健康指标和风险因素。根据作者的知识、信息搜索以及对专家的电子邮件调查，评估了流行病学培训和研究情况。文献计量学分析确定了流行病学的出版物产出。
国家间的预期寿命、疾病负担的数量和构成以及风险因素的流行率存在显著差异。流行病学培训受到教育系统正在进行的结构改革的影响。在以色列和几个东欧国家，培训较为先进。大多数国家的流行病学研究主要以大学为基础，但在前苏联的几个国家，主要由政府研究机构进行。资金通常是外部的，而且有限，部分原因是来自生物医学研究的竞争和优先排序。存在多个相关的专业学会，尤其是在波兰、捷克共和国和匈牙利。该区域 39 种流行病学学术期刊中，很少有具有国际影响力。按人口计算，每单位人口的流行病学出版物数量最高的是以色列，最低的是中亚国家。
该区域的流行病学能力将继续存在差异，更多地取决于各国的个别历史、社会、政治和经济条件和背景，而不是取决于各国流行病学专家的持续努力。应加强国家和国际研究资金，以及国家内部和国家之间的合作，特别是对中亚国家。
