Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Oct;113(10):2603-11. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2702-z. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scheduling meals earlier in the day affects the circadian phase of the cardiac autonomic nervous system as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) and serum lipid levels.
Healthy men aged 21.4 ± 0.5 years (n = 14) with a habit of regularly skipping breakfast participated in this parallel trial involving altered feeding schedules. Participants in the early mealtime group (EM group, n = 8) were asked to eat three meals at 8:00, 13:00, and 18:00, and the control group (n = 6) ate at 13:00, 18:00, and 23:00 for 2 weeks. On the measurement day before and after intervention, fasting blood samples and 24-h electrocardiograph recordings were collected. Spectral analysis was used for approximate 10-min HRV segments. Low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power, and the ratio of HF to total power (%HF) were calculated to assess sympathovagal balance. Acrophases of the circadian rhythm of HRV variables were obtained by nonlinear least squares regression.
Triglyceride and total and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the EM group when compared with the control group (p = 0.035, 0.008, and 0.004, respectively). Acrophases for HRV variables were advanced in the EM group and their difference between before and after the intervention in LF power (-3.2 ± 1.2 h) and %HF (-1.2 ± 0.5 h) reached significant level, respectively (p < 0.05).
Timing of meals was a key factor in regulating circadian phases of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and lipid metabolism.
本研究旨在探讨一日中较早时间进食是否会通过心率变异性（HRV）和血清脂质水平来影响心脏自主神经的昼夜节律相位。
本平行试验纳入了 14 名年龄为 21.4±0.5 岁、经常不吃早餐的健康男性，他们的饮食习惯发生了改变。在早期进餐组（EM 组，n=8），要求患者 8：00、13：00 和 18：00 进食三餐，对照组（n=6）则在 13：00、18：00 和 23：00 进食，持续 2 周。在干预前和干预后的测量日，采集空腹血样和 24 小时心电图记录。采用谱分析方法分析近似 10 分钟的 HRV 片段。计算低频（LF）功率、高频（HF）功率和 HF 与总功率的比值（%HF）以评估交感神经-迷走神经平衡。通过非线性最小二乘法回归获取 HRV 变量昼夜节律的高峰相位。
与对照组相比，EM 组的甘油三酯和总胆固醇及 LDL 胆固醇水平显著降低（p=0.035、0.008 和 0.004）。EM 组的 HRV 变量高峰相位提前，干预前后 LF 功率（-3.2±1.2 小时）和%HF（-1.2±0.5 小时）的差异均有统计学意义（p<0.05）。
进餐时间是调节心脏自主神经昼夜节律相位和脂质代谢的关键因素。
