Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Biomaterials. 2013 Nov;34(33):8018-29. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.048. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Infection is currently regarded as the most severe and devastating complication associated to the use of biomaterials. The important social, clinical and economic impacts of implant-related infections are promoting the efforts to obviate these severe diseases. In this context, the development of anti-infective biomaterials and of infection-resistant surfaces is being regarded as the main strategy to prevent the establishment of implant colonisation and biofilm formation by bacteria. In this review, the attention is focused on the biomaterial-associated infections, from which the need for anti-infective biomaterials originates. Biomaterial-associated infections differ markedly for epidemiology, aetiology and severity, depending mainly on the anatomic site, on the time of biomaterial application, and on the depth of the tissues harbouring the prosthesis. Here, the diversity and complexity of the different scenarios where medical devices are currently utilised are explored, providing an overview of the emblematic applicative fields and of the requirements for anti-infective biomaterials.
感染目前被认为是与生物材料使用相关的最严重和最具破坏性的并发症。与植入物相关的感染的重要社会、临床和经济影响正在促使人们努力避免这些严重的疾病。在这种情况下，开发抗感染生物材料和抗感染表面被认为是预防细菌定植和生物膜形成的主要策略。在这篇综述中，我们关注的是与生物材料相关的感染，这是抗感染生物材料产生的根源。生物材料相关感染在流行病学、病因和严重程度上有显著差异，主要取决于解剖部位、生物材料应用时间以及容纳假体的组织深度。在这里，我们探讨了医疗器械目前应用的不同场景的多样性和复杂性，概述了标志性的应用领域和抗感染生物材料的要求。
