Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CEntre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, Perpignan, France.
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 30;8(7):e69303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069303. Print 2013.
Artificial reefs are used by many fisheries managers as a tool to mitigate the impact of fisheries on coastal fish communities by providing new habitat for many exploited fish species. However, the comparison between the behavior of wild fish inhabiting either natural or artificial habitats has received less attention. Thus the spatio-temporal patterns of fish that establish their home range in one habitat or the other and their consequences of intra-population differentiation on life-history remain largely unexplored. We hypothesize that individuals with a preferred habitat (i.e. natural vs. artificial) can behave differently in terms of habitat use, with important consequences on population dynamics (e.g. life-history, mortality, and reproductive success). Therefore, using biotelemetry, 98 white seabream (Diplodus sargus) inhabiting either artificial or natural habitats were tagged and their behavior was monitored for up to eight months. Most white seabreams were highly resident either on natural or artificial reefs, with a preference for the shallow artificial reef subsets. Connectivity between artificial and natural reefs was limited for resident individuals due to great inter-habitat distances. The temporal behavioral patterns of white seabreams differed between artificial and natural reefs. Artificial-reef resident fish had a predominantly nocturnal diel pattern, whereas natural-reef resident fish showed a diurnal diel pattern. Differences in diel behavioral patterns of white seabream inhabiting artificial and natural reefs could be the expression of realized individual specialization resulting from differences in habitat configuration and resource availability between these two habitats. Artificial reefs have the potential to modify not only seascape connectivity but also the individual behavioral patterns of fishes. Future management plans of coastal areas and fisheries resources, including artificial reef implementation, should therefore consider the potential effect of habitat modification on fish behavior, which could have key implications on fish dynamics.
人工鱼礁被许多渔业管理者用作一种工具，通过为许多受捕捞鱼类物种提供新的栖息地，来减轻渔业对沿海鱼类群落的影响。然而，对于栖息在自然或人工栖息地的野生鱼类的行为比较，人们关注较少。因此，对于在一个栖息地或另一个栖息地建立其家域的鱼类的时空模式及其对种群内分化的生活史的影响，人们仍然知之甚少。我们假设，具有偏好栖息地（即自然与人工）的个体在栖息地利用方面可能表现不同，这对种群动态（例如生活史、死亡率和繁殖成功率）有重要影响。因此，我们使用生物遥测技术，对栖息在人工或自然栖息地的 98 条白鲷（Diplodus sargus）进行标记，并监测其行为长达 8 个月。大多数白鲷高度栖息在自然或人工鱼礁上，对浅人工鱼礁亚群有偏好。由于栖息地之间的距离很大，居住在人工和自然鱼礁上的个体之间的连通性有限。白鲷在人工和自然鱼礁之间的时间行为模式存在差异。人工鱼礁居住的鱼类主要表现为夜间昼夜节律模式，而自然鱼礁居住的鱼类则表现为白天昼夜节律模式。栖息在人工和自然鱼礁上的白鲷昼夜行为模式的差异可能是由于两种栖息地之间的生境配置和资源可用性的差异而导致的个体特化的实现。人工鱼礁不仅有可能改变景观连通性，还可能改变鱼类的个体行为模式。因此，沿海地区和渔业资源的未来管理计划，包括人工鱼礁的实施，应考虑生境改变对鱼类行为的潜在影响，这可能对鱼类动态产生关键影响。
