Department of National Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 5;8(8):e70770. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070770. Print 2013.
Uganda's first AIDS case was reported in a fishing village. Thereafter, due to varying risk factors, the epidemic spread heterogeneously to all regions, with some populations more affected. Given the recent rising trends in HIV infection in Uganda, it is crucial to know the risk factors in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection among fishing communities.
A cross-sectional survey of 46 fishing communities was conducted in 2010. Following written consent, 911 randomly selected respondents age 15-59 years were interviewed and gave blood for HIV testing. HIV testing was conducted in the field and central laboratory according to national algorithm. Survey protocol was approved by the Science and Ethics Committee of Uganda Virus Research Institute, and cleared by Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Data was captured by EPIINFO and statistical analysis done in SPSS.
Overall HIV prevalence was 22%; there was no difference by sex (x (2) test, p>0.05). Association with HIV infection was determined by x (2) test, p<0.5. Never married respondents had lower HIV prevalence (6.2%) than the ever married (24.1%). HIV prevalence was lower in younger respondents, age 15-24 years (10.8%) than in age group 25 years and above (26.1%). Muslims had lower HIV prevalence (14.4%) than Christians (25.2%). HIV prevalence was higher among respondents reporting 3 or more lifetime sexual partners (25.3%) than in those reporting less numbers (10.8%). HIV prevalence was higher among uncircumcised men (27%) than in circumcised men (11%). Multivariate analysis identified 4 risk factors for HIV infection; age, religion, ever condom use and number of lifetime sexual partners.
HIV prevalence in the surveyed communities was three times higher than of general population. This underscores the need for tailor made HIV combination prevention interventions targeting fishing communities.
乌干达首例艾滋病病例报告于一个渔村。此后，由于不同的风险因素，疫情呈异质分布，蔓延到所有地区，一些人群受影响更大。鉴于乌干达最近艾滋病毒感染呈上升趋势，了解不同人群的风险因素至关重要。本研究旨在确定渔业社区艾滋病毒感染的流行率和危险因素。
2010 年对 46 个渔村进行了横断面调查。在获得书面同意后，对年龄在 15-59 岁之间的 911 名随机选择的受访者进行了访谈，并采集血液进行 HIV 检测。HIV 检测在现场和中央实验室按照国家算法进行。调查方案得到了乌干达病毒研究所科学和伦理委员会的批准，并得到了乌干达国家科学技术委员会的批准。数据由 EPIINFO 采集，统计分析在 SPSS 中进行。
总体 HIV 感染率为 22%；性别之间无差异（x ²检验，p>0.05）。x ²检验确定与 HIV 感染相关的因素，p<0.5。从未结婚的受访者 HIV 感染率（6.2%）低于已婚受访者（24.1%）。年龄在 15-24 岁的年轻受访者 HIV 感染率（10.8%）低于 25 岁及以上年龄组（26.1%）。穆斯林的 HIV 感染率（14.4%）低于基督教徒（25.2%）。报告有 3 个或更多性伴侣的受访者 HIV 感染率（25.3%）高于报告较少性伴侣的受访者（10.8%）。未割礼男性 HIV 感染率（27%）高于割礼男性（11%）。多变量分析确定了 HIV 感染的 4 个危险因素；年龄、宗教、曾使用避孕套和性伴侣人数。
在所调查的社区中，HIV 感染率是一般人群的三倍。这突显了需要针对渔业社区制定有针对性的 HIV 综合预防干预措施。
