Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT, 06269-4017, USA.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2013 Sep;14(3):241-54. doi: 10.1007/s11154-013-9251-y.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemias, hypertension, high fasting glucose, chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This condition has become an increasing problem in our society where about 34 % of adults are diagnosed with MetS. In parallel with the adult situation, a significant number of children present lipid abnormalities and insulin resistance, which can be used as markers of MetS in the pediatric population. Changes in lifestyle including healthy dietary regimens and increased physical activity should be the first lines of therapy to decrease MetS. In this article, we present the most recent information on successful dietary modifications that can reduce the parameters associated with MetS. Successful dietary strategies include energy restriction and weight loss, manipulation of dietary macronutrients--either through restriction of carbohydrates, fat, or enrichment in beneficial fatty acids, incorporation of functional foods and bioactive nutrients, and adherence to dietary and lifestyle patterns such the Mediterranean diet and diet/exercise regimens. Together, the recent findings presented in this review serve as evidence to support the therapeutic treatment of MetS through diet.
代谢综合征（Metabolic syndrome，MetS）是一组代谢异常的综合征，其特征为中心性肥胖、血脂异常、高血压、高血糖、慢性低度炎症和氧化应激。在我们的社会中，这种情况越来越普遍，约有 34%的成年人被诊断患有 MetS。与成年人的情况平行的是，相当数量的儿童存在脂质异常和胰岛素抵抗，这些可以作为儿童代谢综合征的标志物。改变生活方式，包括健康的饮食和增加体育活动，应该是降低 MetS 的一线治疗方法。在本文中，我们介绍了最近关于成功的饮食干预可以降低与 MetS 相关参数的信息。成功的饮食策略包括能量限制和体重减轻、饮食宏量营养素的调整——通过限制碳水化合物、脂肪或增加有益脂肪酸、功能性食品和生物活性营养素的摄入，以及遵循地中海饮食和饮食/运动模式等。综上所述，本文综述中提出的最新发现为通过饮食治疗 MetS 提供了证据支持。
