Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,
Eat Weight Disord. 2013 Dec;18(4):403-11. doi: 10.1007/s40519-013-0055-6. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
This study compared potential risk and protective factors, levels of disordered eating (DE), and their relationship among young aesthetic athletes (elite and non-elite) and controls (N = 725; 62.5 % females; mean age = 15.3, SD = 2.1). The participants completed self-report measures (McKnight Risk Factor Survey-IV, Contour Drawing Rating Scale and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire). Female elite athletes showed a greater risk of developing eating disorders than non-elite athletes and controls, with no difference between the three groups of males. Multiple group analyses revealed important differences in DE predictors. Although social pressure is the strongest DE predictor in non-elite athletes and controls, in elite athletes, the strongest DE predictor is body image dissatisfaction. Parental influences, rather than self-esteem, are predictors of DE in elite athletes, unlike the other two groups. These results show that the risk and protective factors involved in the development of DE are not universally valid. The results highlight the importance of studying specific characteristics associated with DE in aesthetic athletes. Some implications for ED risk assessment and prevention are discussed.
本研究比较了年轻的审美运动员（精英和非精英）和对照组（N=725；62.5%为女性；平均年龄=15.3，标准差=2.1）中潜在的风险和保护因素、饮食失调（DE）的水平及其关系。参与者完成了自我报告的测量（McKnight 风险因素调查-IV、轮廓图评分量表和饮食失调检查问卷）。与非精英运动员和对照组相比，女性精英运动员表现出更大的饮食失调风险，而男性三组之间没有差异。多组分析显示，DE 的预测因素存在重要差异。尽管社会压力是非精英运动员和对照组中最强的 DE 预测因素，但在精英运动员中，最强的 DE 预测因素是身体形象不满。与其他两组不同，父母的影响而不是自尊是精英运动员 DE 的预测因素。这些结果表明，饮食失调发展的风险和保护因素并非普遍适用。结果强调了研究与审美运动员相关的特定特征对饮食失调的重要性。讨论了一些与 ED 风险评估和预防相关的影响。
