Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK.
Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2015 Jul;23(4):269-76. doi: 10.1002/erv.2360. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
This study examines putative non-sport-specific and sport-specific risk factors for eating disorders (ED) among groups of professional female athletes versus non-athletes. In detail, societal pressure to be thin, its internalisation, body dissatisfaction, sports pressure and early specialisation were investigated. The cross-sectional study included 46 aesthetic and 62 ball game sports athletes, and 108 age-matched non-athletes. Study methods comprised a clinical interview to detect ED and questionnaires. More athletes from aesthetic (17%) than from ball game sports (3%) and non-athletes (2%) suffered from ED. Aesthetic sports athletes did not differ from non-athletes in non-sport-specific factors but obtained higher levels than ball game sports athletes in sport-specific variables (p < .01). All factors together accounted for 57.3% of variation in disordered eating, with sports pressure and body dissatisfaction as significant predictors. The results confirm ED risk for German aesthetic athletes and indicate the importance of sports pressure and body dissatisfaction in explaining athletes' vulnerability.
本研究考察了职业女性运动员与非运动员群体中，非运动特异性和运动特异性的进食障碍（ED）风险因素。具体而言，研究了社会对瘦的压力、内化、身体不满、运动压力和早期专项化。这项横断面研究包括 46 名美学和 62 名球类运动运动员，以及 108 名年龄匹配的非运动员。研究方法包括临床访谈以检测 ED 和问卷调查。来自美学运动（17%）的运动员比来自球类运动（3%）和非运动员（2%）的运动员更容易出现 ED。与非运动员相比，美学运动运动员在非运动特异性因素上没有差异，但在运动特异性变量上得分高于球类运动运动员（p <.01）。所有因素共同解释了 57.3%的饮食失调变异，其中运动压力和身体不满是重要的预测因素。研究结果证实了德国美学运动员的 ED 风险，并表明运动压力和身体不满在解释运动员的脆弱性方面的重要性。
