Center for Sustainable Infrastructure Sys tems, University of Colorado Denver, Denver Colorado, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2013 Jul;85(7):621-31. doi: 10.2175/106143012x13560205144371.
This paper quantifies life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) in India versus water quality improvements achieved from infrastructure investments. A first such analysis is conducted using operating data for a WRRF, which employs upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and oxidation. On-site operations energy use, process GHG emissions, and embodied energy in infrastructure were quantified. The analysis showed energy use and GHG emissions of 0.2 watt-hours (Wh) and 0.3 gram carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents per liter (gCO2e/L) wastewater treated, and 1.3 Wh and 2.1 gCO2e/gBOD removed, achieving 81% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 999% fecal coliform removal annually. Process emissions of WRRFs contributed 44% of life cycle GHG emissions, similar in magnitude to those from electricity (46%), whereas infrastructure contributed 10%. Average WRRF-associated GHG emissions (0.9gCO2e/L) were lower than those expected if untreated wastewater was released to the river. Investments made by WRRFs in developing world cities improve water quality and may mitigate overall GHG emissions.
本文量化了印度水资源回收设施（WRRF）与基础设施投资带来的水质改善相关的生命周期能源使用和温室气体（GHG）排放。首次使用 UASB 反应器和氧化工艺的 WRRF 运行数据进行了此类分析。对现场运营能源使用、工艺 GHG 排放和基础设施的隐含能源进行了量化。分析表明，每处理 1 升废水的能源使用和 GHG 排放分别为 0.2 瓦时（Wh）和 0.3 克二氧化碳（CO2）当量（gCO2e/L），每去除 1 克 BOD 的能源使用和 GHG 排放分别为 1.3 Wh 和 2.1 gCO2e/gBOD，每年实现 81%的生化需氧量（BOD）和 999%的粪大肠菌群去除率。WRRF 的工艺排放占生命周期 GHG 排放的 44%，与电力（46%）相当，而基础设施则占 10%。与未经处理的废水排入河流相比，WRRF 相关的平均 GHG 排放（0.9gCO2e/L）较低。发展中国家城市的 WRRF 投资提高了水质，并可能减轻整体 GHG 排放。
