初级保健中的团队合作：立陶宛全科医生和社区护士的观点。
Teamwork in primary care: perspectives of general practitioners and community nurses in Lithuania.
机构信息
Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, Kaunas LT 44307, Lithuania.
出版信息
BMC Fam Pract. 2013 Aug 15;14:118. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-118.
BACKGROUND
A team approach in primary care has proven benefits in achieving better outcomes, reducing health care costs, satisfying patient needs, ensuring continuity of care, increasing job satisfaction among health providers and using human health care resources more efficiently. However, some research indicates constraints in collaboration within primary health care (PHC) teams in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon of teamwork in Lithuania by exploring the experiences of teamwork by general practitioners (GPs) and community nurses (CNs) involved in PHC.
METHODS
Six focus groups were formed with 29 GPs and 27 CNs from the Kaunas Region of Lithuania. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis of these data was then performed.
RESULTS
The analysis of focus group data identified six thematic categories related to teamwork in PHC: the structure of a PHC team, synergy among PHC team members, descriptions of roles and responsibilities of team members, competencies of PHC team members, communications between PHC team members and the organisational background for teamwork. These findings provide the basis for a discussion of a thematic model of teamwork that embraces formal, individual and organisational factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The need for effective teamwork in PHC is an issue receiving broad consensus; however, the process of teambuilding is often taken for granted in the PHC sector in Lithuania. This study suggests that both formal and individual behavioural factors should be targeted when aiming to strengthen PHC teams. Furthermore, this study underscores the need to provide explicit formal descriptions of the roles and responsibilities of PHC team members in Lithuania, which would include establishing clear professional boundaries. The training of team members is an essential component of the teambuilding process, but not sufficient by itself.
背景
初级保健中的团队方法已被证明在改善结果、降低医疗成本、满足患者需求、确保医疗连续性、提高医疗服务提供者的工作满意度以及更有效地利用人力资源方面具有优势。然而，一些研究表明立陶宛初级保健（PHC）团队内部协作存在限制。本研究旨在通过探索参与 PHC 的全科医生（GP）和社区护士（CN）的团队合作经验，更好地了解立陶宛团队合作现象。
方法
在立陶宛考纳斯地区，由 29 名全科医生和 27 名社区护士组成了 6 个焦点小组。对讨论进行了录音和逐字记录。然后对这些数据进行了主题分析。
结果
对焦点小组数据的分析确定了与 PHC 团队合作相关的六个主题类别：PHC 团队的结构、PHC 团队成员之间的协同作用、团队成员角色和职责的描述、PHC 团队成员的能力、PHC 团队成员之间的沟通以及团队合作的组织背景。这些发现为讨论团队合作的主题模型提供了基础，该模型涵盖了正式、个人和组织因素。
结论
在 PHC 中有效团队合作的需求是一个得到广泛共识的问题；然而，在立陶宛的 PHC 部门，团队建设的过程往往被视为理所当然。本研究表明，在旨在加强 PHC 团队时，应同时关注正式和个人行为因素。此外，本研究强调了在立陶宛明确规定 PHC 团队成员的角色和职责的必要性，其中包括建立明确的专业界限。团队成员的培训是团队建设过程的重要组成部分，但本身并不足够。
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