Marleen A. van Baak, Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 43 3881630, E-mail:
Thromb Haemost. 2013 Oct;110(4):689-96. doi: 10.1160/TH13-01-0045. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Overweight and obesity are associated with excess cardiovascular risk. To reduce cardiovascular risk at the population level, the prevention of overweight and obesity is key. This requires adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including less inactivity and more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and a healthy diet. Diet composition may facilitate weight gain prevention and weight loss. Effects of dietary fats, carbohydrates and proteins will be discussed in this context. Current evidence indicates that moderation of the intake of (saturated) fat, a moderate increase in protein content of the diet, a replacement of refined grain/high glucose index (GI) by whole-grain/low GI carbohydrates and limitation of the consumption of calorically-sweetened beverages are likely to facilitate weight control.
超重和肥胖与心血管风险增加有关。为了降低人群的心血管风险，预防超重和肥胖是关键。这需要采取健康的生活方式，包括减少久坐不动和增加适度至剧烈的身体活动，以及健康饮食。饮食成分可能有助于预防体重增加和减肥。在此背景下，将讨论膳食脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质的作用。目前的证据表明，适度摄入（饱和）脂肪、适度增加饮食中的蛋白质含量、用全谷物/低 GI 碳水化合物替代精制谷物/高 GI、限制摄入含热量的甜味饮料，可能有助于控制体重。
