Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Nutrients. 2013 Aug 13;5(8):3163-83. doi: 10.3390/nu5083163.
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia that produces a fruit whose pericarp contains a family of tricyclic isoprenylated polyphenols referred to as xanthones. Numerous in vitro studies have shown that these xanthones possess anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Aggressive marketing of such health promoting benefits has resulted in mangosteen's classification as a "superfruit". This has led to sales of mangosteen containing beverages in USA alone exceeding $200 million in 2008 despite very limited animal and human studies. This review will (a) critically address recent reports of in vivo studies on the bioavailability and metabolism of mangosteen xanthones, (b) update the in vitro and in vivo data on anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of mangosteen xanthones, and (c) suggest needed areas of inquiry regarding the absorption, metabolism and efficacy of mangosteen xanthones.
山竹（藤黄科藤黄属）是一种原产于东南亚的热带树木，其果实的果皮含有一族被称为黄烷酮的三环异戊二烯基多酚。大量的体外研究表明，这些黄烷酮具有抗氧化、抗增殖、促凋亡、抗炎和抗癌作用。对这些健康促进益处的大力营销导致山竹被归类为“超级水果”。这导致 2008 年仅在美国，含有山竹的饮料销售额就超过 2 亿美元，尽管对动物和人体的研究非常有限。本综述将：（a）批判性地讨论山竹黄烷酮的体内生物利用度和代谢的最新报告；（b）更新山竹黄烷酮的抗癌和抗炎活性的体外和体内数据；（c）就山竹黄烷酮的吸收、代谢和功效提出需要研究的领域。
