Eysteinsdottir T, Halldorsson T I, Thorsdottir I, Sigurdsson G, Sigurðsson S, Harris T, Launer L J, Gudnason V, Gunnarsdottir I, Steingrimsdottir L
Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland,
Osteoporos Int. 2014 Feb;25(2):663-72. doi: 10.1007/s00198-013-2476-5. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Association between bone mineral density and bone mineral content in old age and milk consumption in adolescence, midlife, and old age was assessed. The association was strongest for milk consumption in midlife: those drinking milk daily or more often had higher bone mineral density and content in old age than those drinking milk seldom or never.
The role of lifelong milk consumption for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in old age is not clear. Here we assess the association between hip BMD and BMC in old age and milk consumption in adolescence, midlife, and current old age.
Participants of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study, aged 66-96 years (N = 4,797), reported retrospective milk intake during adolescence and midlife as well as in current old age, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. BMC of femoral neck and trochanteric area was measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography and BMD obtained. Association was assessed using linear regression models. Differences in BMC, bone volume, and BMD in relation to milk intake were portrayed as gender-specific Z-scores.
Men consuming milk ≥ once/day during midlife had 0.21 higher Z-scores for BMD and 0.18 for BMC in femoral neck (95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.39 and 0.01-0.35, respectively) compared with < once/week. Results were comparable for trochanter. For women the results were similar, with slightly lower differences according to midlife milk consumption. For current and adolescent milk consumption, differences in Z-scores were smaller and only reached statistical significance in the case of BMD for current consumption in men, while this association was less pronounced for BMC.
Our data suggest that regular milk consumption throughout life, from adolescence to old age, is associated with higher BMC and BMD in old age, with no differences seen in bone volume. The strongest associations are seen for midlife milk consumption in both genders.
评估了老年时期骨矿物质密度和骨矿物质含量与青少年、中年及老年时期牛奶摄入量之间的关联。中年时期饮用牛奶与上述指标的关联最为显著：与很少或从不饮用牛奶的人相比，每天或更频繁饮用牛奶的人在老年时具有更高的骨矿物质密度和含量。
终生饮用牛奶对老年时期骨矿物质密度（BMD）和骨矿物质含量（BMC）的作用尚不清楚。在此，我们评估老年时期髋部BMD和BMC与青少年、中年及当前老年时期牛奶摄入量之间的关联。
年龄、基因/环境易感性-雷克雅未克研究的参与者年龄在66 - 96岁之间（N = 4797），使用经过验证的食物频率问卷回顾性报告了青少年、中年以及当前老年时期的牛奶摄入量。通过容积定量计算机断层扫描测量股骨颈和转子区的BMC并获取BMD。使用线性回归模型评估关联。将BMC、骨体积和BMD与牛奶摄入量的差异描绘为特定性别的Z分数。
与每周饮用牛奶少于一次的男性相比，中年时期每天饮用牛奶≥一次的男性股骨颈的BMD的Z分数高0.21，BMC的Z分数高0.18（95%置信区间分别为0.05 - 0.39和0.01 - 0.35）。转子区的结果类似。对于女性，结果相似，根据中年时期牛奶摄入量的差异略小。对于当前和青少年时期的牛奶摄入量，Z分数的差异较小，仅在男性当前牛奶摄入量与BMD的关联中达到统计学显著性，而这种关联在BMC中不太明显。
我们的数据表明，从青少年到老年终生规律饮用牛奶与老年时期更高的BMC和BMD相关，骨体积未见差异。在中年时期饮用牛奶，两性之间的关联最为显著。
