Key Laboratory of Peoples Liberation Army, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
Int Orthop. 2013 Dec;37(12):2491-8. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2059-2. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic stromal stem cells that have many sources, such as bone marrow, periosteum, vessel walls, adipose, muscle, tendon, peripheral circulation, umbilical cord blood, skin and dental tissues. They are capable of self-replication and of differentiating into, and contributing to the regeneration of, mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, muscle and adipose tissue. The homing of MSCs may play an important role in the repair of bone fractures. As a composite material, the formation and growth of bone tissue is a complex process, including molecular, cell and biochemical metabolic changes. The recruitment of factors with an adequate number of MSCs and the micro-environment around the fracture are effective for fracture repair. Several studies have investigated the functional expression of various chemokine receptors, trophic factors and adhesion molecules in human MSCs. Many external factors affect MSC homing. MSCs have been used as seed cells in building tissue-engineered bone grafts. Scaffolds seeded with MSCs are most often used in tissue engineering and include biotic and abiotic materials. This knowledge provides a platform for the development of novel therapies for bone regeneration with endogenous MSCs.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一种非造血基质干细胞，有许多来源，如骨髓、骨膜、血管壁、脂肪、肌肉、肌腱、周围循环、脐带血、皮肤和牙齿组织。它们能够自我复制，并分化为和有助于间充质组织的再生，如骨、软骨、韧带、肌腱、肌肉和脂肪组织。MSCs 的归巢可能在骨折修复中起着重要作用。作为一种复合材料，骨组织的形成和生长是一个复杂的过程，包括分子、细胞和生化代谢变化。募集具有足够数量的 MSCs 和骨折周围的微环境对骨折修复是有效的。有几项研究调查了各种趋化因子受体、营养因子和黏附分子在人 MSCs 中的功能表达。许多外部因素影响 MSC 归巢。MSCs 已被用作构建组织工程骨移植物的种子细胞。用 MSCs 接种的支架最常用于组织工程中，包括生物和非生物材料。这些知识为利用内源性 MSCs 开发新型骨再生治疗方法提供了一个平台。
