Kemmler Wolfgang, Bebenek Michael, Engelke Klaus, von Stengel Simon
Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany,
Age (Dordr). 2014 Feb;36(1):395-406. doi: 10.1007/s11357-013-9575-2. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Most studies have confirmed the positive impact of resistance training on muscle mass and functional capacity in aging adults. However, due to physical limitation or a simple aversion against regular exercise, the majority of elderly subjects do not reach the exercise doses recommended for impacting strength or muscle mass. This led us to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a novel, time-efficient and smooth training technology, on body composition with special regard to sarcopenia. Seventy-six lean, non-sportive women (75 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to either a WB-EMS group (WB-EMS, n = 38) that performed 18 min of WB-EMS (bipolar, 85 Hz) 3 sessions in 14 days (1.5 sessions/week) or a semi-active control group (aCG, n = 38). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and maximum strength was evaluated using isometric techniques for trunk and legs. After 54 weeks of intervention, significant inter-group differences were determined for appendicular skeletal muscle mass (WB-EMS, 0.4 ± 2.2 % vs. aCG, -1.5 ± 3.1 %; p = 0.009), lean body mass (WB-EMS, 0.8 ± 1.8 % vs. aCG, -0.8 ± 2.7 %; p = 0.008) and maximum isometric strength (leg extensors, 9.8 ± 12.9 % vs. 0.2 ± 10.4 %; p = 0.003; trunk extensors, 10.1 ± 12.7 vs. -1.6 ± 8.6 %; p = 0.001). Although borderline significant for abdominal fat mass (WB-EMS, -2.9 ± 8.3 vs. aCG, 1.5 ± 10.7 %; p = 0.069), differences did not reach statistically significant levels for body fat parameters. Considering the clinical effectiveness for impacting sarcopenia and the good acceptance of this technology by this non-sportive cohort of elderly women, we conclude that for elderly subjects unable or unwilling to perform dynamic strength exercises, electromyostimulation may be a less off-putting alternative to maintain lean body mass and strength.
大多数研究已证实抗阻训练对老年人肌肉量和功能能力有积极影响。然而，由于身体限制或对常规锻炼的单纯厌恶，大多数老年受试者未达到推荐的锻炼剂量以影响力量或肌肉量。这促使我们评估全身肌电刺激（WB - EMS）这种新颖、省时且温和的训练技术对身体成分的影响，尤其关注肌肉减少症。76名体型偏瘦、不运动的女性（75±4岁）被随机分为WB - EMS组（WB - EMS，n = 38），该组在14天内进行3次18分钟的WB - EMS训练（双极，85赫兹）（每周1.5次），或半活动对照组（aCG，n = 38）。通过双能X线吸收法评估身体成分，使用等长技术评估躯干和腿部的最大力量。经过54周的干预，两组在四肢骨骼肌量（WB - EMS组增加0.4±2.2%，aCG组减少1.5±3.1%；p = 0.009）、瘦体重（WB - EMS组增加0.8±1.8%，aCG组减少0.8±2.7%；p = 0.008）和最大等长力量（腿部伸肌，WB - EMS组增加9.8±12.9%，aCG组增加0.2±10.4%；p = 0.003；躯干伸肌，WB - EMS组增加10.1±12.7%，aCG组减少1.6±8.6%；p = 0.001）方面存在显著组间差异。腹部脂肪量差异接近显著（WB - EMS组减少2.9±8.3%，aCG组增加1.5±10.7%；p = 0.069），但身体脂肪参数差异未达到统计学显著水平。考虑到对改善肌肉减少症的临床有效性以及该非运动老年女性队列对该技术的良好接受度，我们得出结论，对于无法或不愿进行动态力量锻炼的老年受试者，肌电刺激可能是一种不那么令人反感的维持瘦体重和力量的替代方法。
