ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2013 Nov;41(11):2248-63. doi: 10.1007/s10439-013-0887-2. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Human energy harvesting is envisioned as a remedy to the weight, the size, and the poor energy density of primary batteries in medical implants. The first implant to have necessarily raised the idea of a biological power supply was the pacemaker in the early 1960s. So far, review articles on human energy harvesting have been rather unspecific and no tribute has been given to the early role of the pacemaker and the cardiovascular system in triggering research in the field. The purpose of the present article is to provide an up-to-date review of research efforts targeting the cardiovascular system as an alternative energy source for active medical implants. To this end, a chronological survey of the last 14 most influential publications is proposed. They include experimental and/or theoretical studies based on electromagnetic, piezoelectric, or electrostatic transducers harnessing various forms of energy, such as heart motion, pressure gradients, and blood flow. Technical feasibility does not imply clinical applicability: although most of the reported devices were shown to harvest an interesting amount of energy from a physiological environment, none of them were tested in vivo for a longer period of time.
人体能量收集被认为是解决医学植入物中主要电池重量、尺寸和能量密度差的一种方法。第一个提出生物电源想法的植入物是 20 世纪 60 年代早期的心脏起搏器。到目前为止，关于人体能量收集的综述文章相当不具体，也没有对心脏起搏器和心血管系统在触发该领域研究方面的早期作用表示敬意。本文的目的是提供最新的综述，研究以心血管系统为主动医疗植入物的替代能源。为此，提出了对过去 14 篇最具影响力的出版物的时间顺序调查。它们包括基于电磁、压电或静电换能器的实验和/或理论研究，利用各种形式的能量，如心脏运动、压力梯度和血流。技术可行性并不意味着临床适用性：尽管大多数报道的设备都从生理环境中收集了相当数量的能量，但它们都没有在体内进行更长时间的测试。
