Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2013 Jul-Aug;19(4):205-10. doi: 10.1177/1078390313496275.
Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. Approximately 90,000 psychiatric mental health (PMH) nurse generalists work in hospitals in the United States, mostly on inpatient psychiatric units where the most acutely suicidal patients are hospitalized. Although competencies have been developed for mental health clinicians in assessing and managing suicide risk, there are no standard competencies for PMH nurse generalists. Widely accepted nursing practices do not meet suicide-specific standards of care or evidence-based criteria. Although both the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education Essentials for Baccalaureate Education and the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses competencies stress the necessity for comprehensive assessment, safe clinical practices, patient-centered care, evidence-based interventions, and interprofessional communication and collaboration, there are no specific requirements for suicide prevention training in educational and clinical programs. The American Psychiatric Nurses Association has an opportunity to provide leadership in developing, implementing, and evaluating competency-based training for nurses and partner with the national effort to increase the competencies in suicide prevention in the behavioral health workforce.
自杀是美国的第十大死因。大约有 90,000 名精神科心理健康（PMH）全科护士在美国的医院工作，他们大多在住院精神病病房工作，那里是最急性自杀的患者住院的地方。尽管已经为精神卫生临床医生制定了评估和管理自杀风险的能力，但 PMH 全科护士没有标准的能力。广泛接受的护理实践不符合专门针对自杀的护理标准或循证标准。尽管护理教育委员会的本科教育基础和护士质量与安全教育的能力都强调全面评估、安全的临床实践、以患者为中心的护理、基于证据的干预措施以及跨专业的沟通与合作的必要性，但教育和临床项目中没有关于预防自杀培训的具体要求。美国精神病护士协会有机会在为护士制定、实施和评估基于能力的培训方面提供领导力，并与全国合作，提高行为健康劳动力在预防自杀方面的能力。
