Skypala I J, de Jong N W, Angier E, Gardner J, Kull I, Ryan D, Venter C, Vlieg-Boerstra B J, Grimshaw K
1Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK.
2Imperial College, London, UK.
Clin Transl Allergy. 2018 Aug 21;8:31. doi: 10.1186/s13601-018-0218-7. eCollection 2018.
The multi-disciplinary team approach is an effective model for patient care. Allied health professionals (AHPs) are an important part of such teams, bringing specific knowledge and skills related to the target patient population. The AHPs most often involved in allergy care are nurses and dietitians. Nurses are often involved in the care of patients with all types of allergy and also with asthma, whilst allergy-specialist dietitians provide vital nutritional and dietary support for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. There are many other AHPs who have a role to play in allergy care, including physiotherapists, psychologists, pharmacists and speech therapists, and their involvement is likely to develop as allergy care becomes more rooted in the community. With the development of multi-professional teams comes the requirement for disease-specific knowledge and skill sets, with all allergy team members required to have baseline knowledge and competency of the condition being managed. Whilst some competencies for AHPs practising in other disease states have been published, none are available for allergic disease against which AHPs can be benchmarked. The European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology (EAACI) recognised this need, and supported the establishment of a Task Force to develop allergy-focussed competencies for AHPs. The varied skills, expertise and professional background of the Task Force members enabled the creation of a set of allergy competencies relevant to all AHPs working in allergy. It is recognised that the training and allergy expertise of AHPs, and their role within the allergy setting, will vary considerably depending on the country. However, it is important for patient care, that all AHP involved in allergy services have access to training, of a sufficiently high enough level to be aspirational and enable the continued growth and development of a wide range of allergy services, given the increasing need. The EAACI competencies will provide an important benchmark for allergy knowledge and skills against which education and training can be designed and health care professionals can subsequently be measured. However, more importantly, the EAACI AHP allergy competencies will enable the development and reach of specialist allergy services, with allergy-specialist AHPs undertaking key roles, especially in the community care setting.
多学科团队方法是一种有效的患者护理模式。专职医疗人员（AHPs）是此类团队的重要组成部分，他们带来了与目标患者群体相关的特定知识和技能。最常参与过敏护理的专职医疗人员是护士和营养师。护士经常参与各类过敏患者以及哮喘患者的护理工作，而过敏专科营养师为食物过敏的诊断和管理提供至关重要的营养和饮食支持。还有许多其他专职医疗人员在过敏护理中发挥着作用，包括物理治疗师、心理学家、药剂师和言语治疗师，随着过敏护理在社区中日益深入人心，他们的参与程度可能会不断提高。随着多专业团队的发展，对特定疾病的知识和技能集的需求也随之而来，所有过敏团队成员都需要具备所管理疾病的基础知识和能力。虽然已经公布了一些适用于在其他疾病状态下执业的专职医疗人员的能力标准，但尚无针对过敏性疾病的、可供专职医疗人员参照的标准。欧洲变态反应与临床免疫学会（EAACI）认识到了这一需求，并支持成立一个特别工作组，以制定针对专职医疗人员的、以过敏为重点的能力标准。特别工作组成员多样的技能、专业知识和专业背景使得能够创建一套与所有从事过敏工作的专职医疗人员相关的过敏能力标准。人们认识到，专职医疗人员的培训和过敏专业知识以及他们在过敏环境中的角色，会因国家而异。然而，对于患者护理而言，重要的是所有参与过敏服务的专职医疗人员都能获得足够高水平的培训，鉴于需求不断增加，这种培训应具有足够的抱负性，并能促进广泛的过敏服务的持续增长和发展。EAACI能力标准将为过敏知识和技能提供一个重要的基准，据此可以设计教育和培训，并随后衡量医疗保健专业人员。然而，更重要的是，EAACI专职医疗人员过敏能力标准将推动专科过敏服务的发展和覆盖范围，过敏专科专职医疗人员将发挥关键作用，尤其是在社区护理环境中。
