Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University.
J Nurs Res. 2013 Sep;21(3):212-8. doi: 10.1097/01.jnr.0000432048.31921.e2.
The 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is widely used to measure diabetes-related emotional distress. The short-form PAID scale is helpful for the rapid screening of diabetes-related emotional distress in clinical settings.
This study developed and examined the psychometric properties of a short-form Chinese-version PAID (SF-PAID-C) scale.
The Chinese-version 20-item PAID (PAID-C) scale was administered to 855 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatoryfactoranalysis were then applied to develop the SF-PAID-C and evaluate its construct validity. The correlations between SF-PAID-C and the latest HbA1c close to the measurement of PAID-C (baseline HbA1c) 3 months and 12 months later were used to examine the concurrent and predictive validity of the SF-PAID-C. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the sensitivity and specificity of the SF-PAID-C. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency. Test-retest on 24 patients was used to examine the stability of the SF-PAID-C.
An 8-item SF-PAID-C was developed. The SF-PAID-C significantly correlated with the PAID-C (r = .941, p < .001), baseline HbA1c (r = .148, p < .001), 3-month HbA1c (r = .147, p < .001), and 12-month HbA1c (r = .142, p < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of the SF-PAID-C were 93.2% and 94.2%, respectively. The Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability of the SF-PAID-C were .85 and .93, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The SF-PAID-C is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to screen for diabetes-related emotional problem in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinical settings.
20 项糖尿病问题领域量表（PAID）被广泛用于测量与糖尿病相关的情绪困扰。短式 PAID 量表有助于在临床环境中快速筛查与糖尿病相关的情绪困扰。
本研究开发并检验了简体中文版短式 PAID（SF-PAID-C）量表的心理测量学特性。
对 855 例 2 型糖尿病患者进行简体中文版 20 项 PAID（PAID-C）量表评估。随后进行条目分析、探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析，以开发 SF-PAID-C 并评估其结构效度。SF-PAID-C 与最近一次接近 PAID-C 测量时（基线时的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c））的 3 个月和 12 个月后 HbA1c 的相关性用于检验 SF-PAID-C 的同时效和预测效度。受试者工作特征曲线分析用于检验 SF-PAID-C 的灵敏度和特异度。克朗巴赫α用于评估内部一致性。对 24 例患者进行 2 次测试以检验 SF-PAID-C 的稳定性。
开发了 8 项的简体中文版短式 PAID（SF-PAID-C）。SF-PAID-C 与 PAID-C（r =.941，p <.001）、基线时的 HbA1c（r =.148，p <.001）、3 个月时的 HbA1c（r =.147，p <.001）和 12 个月时的 HbA1c（r =.142，p <.001）显著相关。SF-PAID-C 的灵敏度和特异度分别为 93.2%和 94.2%。SF-PAID-C 的克朗巴赫α和重测信度分别为.85 和.93。
结论/对临床实践的意义：SF-PAID-C 是一种可靠和有效的量表，可用于在中国 2 型糖尿病患者的临床环境中筛查与糖尿病相关的情绪问题。
